https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/17454 2026-04-09T23:16:48Z 2026-04-09T23:16:48Z Santos, Jean Jesus https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/24696 2026-03-05T15:00:13Z 2025-02-12T00:00:00Z

Título: Psychological essentialism and sexual prejudice: enhancing the knowledge on the relationship between conceptions about sexual orientation and sexual prejudice attitudes Autor(es): Santos, Jean Jesus Abstract: O pensamento essencialista, que reflete a ideia de que grupos sociais possuem “essências”, está entre alguns dos principais fatores associados ao preconceito. Porém, a relação entre as dimensões do essencialismo psicológico e preconceito sexual demandam melhores explicações. A presente tese teve como principal objetivo investigar evidências sobre concepções científicas (explicações teóricas) e do senso comum (crenças do público em geral) acerca da orientação sexual relacionadas ao pensamento essencialista, e a relação entre as diferentes dimensões do essencialismo psicológico e o preconceito sexual. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram realizados cinco estudos ao longo deste trabalho. O Estudo 1, uma revisão de escopo da literatura recente, mostrou que as evidências sobre os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento da orientação sexual são difusas, de modo que podem ser mais consistentes apenas para algumas teorias e algumas categorias de orientações sexuais. O Estudo 2, que buscou adaptar e validar uma escala psicométrica sobre crenças essencialistas, mostrou que as pessoas no contexto brasileiro também têm crenças essencialistas sobre a orientação sexual organizadas em um modelo com quatro dimensões (naturalidade, discretividade, homogeneidade e informatividade), replicando a estrutura original da Sexual Orientation Belief Scale (SOBS). O Estudo 3, que teve como objetivo testar um modelo estrutural sobre a relação entre crenças essencialistas sobre a orientação sexual (fatores da SOBS) e atitudes contra a diversidade sexual, mostrou que algumas crenças essencialistas, como a de discetividade, estão em geral associadas a mais atitudes negativas contra a diversidade sexual; entretanto, para a crença de naturalidade, as relações são mais contingentes, de modo que ela pode se associar tanto a menos ( através de seus efeitos diretos) quanto a mais (através de seus efeitos indiretos) atitudes negativas contra a diversidade sexual. O Estudo 4, que buscou adaptar e validar um modelo e uma escala psicométrica sobre preconceito sexual, mostrou que o modelo de oposição à parentalidade por pessoas do mesmo sexo e a Beliefs about Children's Adjustment in Same-Sex Families Scale (BCASSFS) têm evidências de validade para avaliar manifestações de preconceito (oposição individual e normativa) no contexto brasileiro. O Estudo 5 teve como objetivo investigar a coocorrência de crenças essencialistas sobre a orientação sexual (fatores da SOBS) no contexto brasileiro e sua relação com algumas variáveis específicas, e com atitudes de preconceito sexual (incluindo os fatores da BCASSFS); bem como testou a replicabilidade do modelo proposto no Estudo 3 deste trabalho. Seus resultados forneceram evidências sobre a co-ocorrência de crenças essencialistas sobre a orientação sexual através de diferentes padrões, os quais estão associados a diferentes níveis de conservadorismo e atitudes de preconceito sexual. Além disso, as relações observadas no modelo proposto no Estudo 3 foram replicadas dependendo dos padrões de co-ocorrência das crenças essencialistas e das atitudes de preconceito sexual avaliadas. Os resultados desses estudos contribuem para ampliar a compreensão sobre a relação entre as dimensões do essencialismo psicológico e atitudes relacionadas ao preconceito sexual, principalmente com relação às implicações positivas e negativas da crença de naturalidade. Os achados desta tese têm implicações teóricas, pois contribuem para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a relação entre o essencialismo psicológico e o preconceito sexual; e podem ter implicações práticas para o planejamento de intervenções que busquem, entre seus objetivos, reduzir o preconceito sexual e que levem em conta as variáveis investigadas neste trabalho.

2025-02-12T00:00:00Z Oliveira, Iara Andrade de https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/24620 2026-02-24T17:13:56Z 2026-01-22T00:00:00Z

Título: Alguém merece ser pobre?: análise sobre o preconceito contra pobres no Brasil Autor(es): Oliveira, Iara Andrade de Abstract: Prejudice against poor people contributes to the maintenance of social inequalities. It is therefore relevant to investigate different manifestations, from the perspective of aporophobia, ambivalent classism, or studies that explore the topic through different theoretical approaches in Social Psychology, such as Social Representations Theory (SRT), System Justification Theory (SJT), Social Identity Theory (SIT), the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). Based on these assumptions, the present thesis aims to investigate how prejudice against poor people manifests itself across different social contexts in Brazil. Chapter 1, “Theoretical levels of analysis and empirical articulations,” presented and discussed the theoretical models used throughout the thesis, articulating different Social Psychology theories to the understanding of classism, based on the intraindividual, interindividual, positional, and ideological levels of analysis. Chapter 2, “The vagrancy law and the criminalization of poverty,” analyzed, from the perspective of SRT, legislative bills proposing the repeal of the so-called “Vagrancy Law,” examining their texts and legislative processes. The results indicated that polarization around the issue is essential to promote change. Chapter 3, “Father Júlio and prejudice against the poor: an analysis of aporophobia on social media,” examined how aporophobia manifests through comments on the platform “X” directed at Father Júlio Lancellotti, as a personification of the objectification of poverty and poor people. Content analysis, grounded in SRT, revealed processes of simplification of reality that naturalize poverty, as well as anchoring processes that reinforce social roles related to politics, religion, and the economy/work. Chapter 4, “From Meireles to Bom Jardim: social representations of the poor and poverty in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará,” presents social representations of poverty and poor people among citizens from different social classes in Fortaleza, Ceará. Based on lexical analysis of 47 semi-structured interviews, the results indicate ambivalences in participants’ discourse, as well as associations between social representations and understandings of how the social system operates, social identities, and stereotypes about different “types of poor people,” articulated with SJT, SIT, and SCM. Finally, Chapter 5, “Validation of the Ambivalent Classism Inventory in Brazil,” presents the adaptation and validation of the Ambivalent Classism Inventory (ACI) for the Brazilian context. Using responses from 438 participants, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, indicating a better fit to a three-factor model, convergent validity analyses showed results largely similar to those of the original study conducted in the United States, and predictive validity analyses indicated that the dimensions of classism were significant predictors of support for public policies. Thus, this thesis inaugurates a line of research on classism within Brazilian Social Psychology, integrating different levels of analysis to understand how prejudice against poor people manifests and contributes to the maintenance of poverty.

2026-01-22T00:00:00Z Oliveira, Renata Alves de Carvalho https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/24458 2026-02-02T17:33:39Z 2025-08-28T00:00:00Z

Título: Autoridade e influência: a psicanálise e seu encontro com o digital Autor(es): Oliveira, Renata Alves de Carvalho Abstract: The use of social media platforms has grown significantly over the years, and according to the Digital 2024 Global Overview Report, Instagram is the preferred platform among Brazilian users. In recent years, there has also been a notable increase in content produced on Instagram by psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychoanalysts. Considering this expansion, the present study aims to analyze the possible implications of the presence of psychoanalysts on Instagram as therapeutic authorities. The specific objectives are: to discuss the roles of influence, suggestion, and authority throughout the history of psychoanalysis; to investigate how authority and influence are constructed by psychoanalysts on Instagram; to explore the migration of the psychoanalyst to Instagram in light of psychoanalytic ethics; to examine the type of transferential bond induced by the figure of the media-oriented psychoanalyst; and to articulate Instagram videos of psychoanalysts with theoretical psychoanalytic concepts using the indicia method. The methodological steps involved selecting theoretical references concerning the context in which these media figures operate; tracing the historical development of the term “digital influencer”; examining issues of authority and influence from a psychoanalytic perspective; and selecting five videos produced by different media-oriented psychoanalysts, which were analyzed according to categories based on tools from the indicia method. The analytical categories were: the construction of authority and influence by psychoanalysts on Instagram; the displacement of the psychoanalyst to Instagram from the perspective of psychoanalytic ethics; and the type of transferential bond induced by the media figure of the psychoanalyst. It is important to emphasize that these categories were intended to guide the analyses rather than function as rigid or self-contained frameworks. The main results indicate that the digital environment demands visibility, performance, and emotional appeal, which often positions psychoanalysts as public figures or even celebrities. In this position, the content that achieves greater visibility tends to become more generalized, imperative, and aligned with self-help discourse, thereby shifting the psychoanalytic function toward a more prescriptive and media-oriented role. It was also observed that professional titles are frequently used not as indicators of specific theoretical or ethical commitments, but as strategic elements to construct an identity of expertise, branding, or influence. In this context, such titles operate as signs of authority that carry symbolic and market value.

2025-08-28T00:00:00Z Almeida, Rosely Anacleto de Jesus Morais de https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/24402 2026-02-02T19:02:44Z 2025-11-28T00:00:00Z

Título: Dimensões do privilégio branco no SUS: a experiência da classe média Autor(es): Almeida, Rosely Anacleto de Jesus Morais de Abstract: Adopting the perspective of those from below, this dissertation examines how white privilege manifests itself in the inherited and shared experiences of middle-class users within the context of the Unified Health System. The research is inscribed within the field of Critical Psychology, engaged and situated, guided by an anti-capitalist, anti-colonialist, and anti-racist praxis. It is grounded in Marxism and critical whiteness studies. This research is characterized as a mixedmethods study with a qualitative approach and an exploratory nature, combining various sources of analysis, including specialized literature, institutional documents, census indicators, Ministry of Health data, an iconographic collection, and multi-sited autoethnography. The first chapter presents a scoping review of 24 manuscripts, highlighting the gap in investigations focused on user whiteness. The second chapter historicizes the formation of Brazil's white middle class, emphasizing the "economic miracle" during the military regime, a period of privilege massification in exchange for ideological support. The third chapter challenges the hegemonic narrative of the Brazilian Health Reform Movement (MRSB), constructing SUS "from the grassroots," arguing instead that SUS resulted from an elitist pact led by predominantly white intellectuals and technicians, adherents to the Eurocommunist matrix of the Brazilian Communist Party, who had abandoned an emancipatory horizon. The distancing of vulnerable segments generated a legitimacy crisis in the MRSB, designated as the "phantom of the absent class [race]" by some leaders. Heir to immigration policy, the white middle class, via MRSB, acted in health legislation formulation, aligning with pharmaceutical industry promotion and health commodification, while boycotting a truly unified system, conditioning their SUS support on maintaining private health plans. Thus, they guaranteed dual healthcare coverage. The fourth chapter denounces institutional omission in collecting and registering race and color data in SUS instances, impacting health system equity. The analytical findings, presented in the last three chapters, indicate the existence of material and symbolic deferences enjoyed by the white middle class. Among the material advantages are: the concentration of 69% of health facilities located in the "territory of whiteness", ensuring convenience and speed in emergency care; the availability of time for cultural, sports, and leisure practices; the subversion of institutional norms; the concealment of information without prejudice to care; the improper appropriation of assistance benefits; the customization of services related to specific inputs; privileged access to technologies; judicial decisions and social rights linked to diagnoses; the adoption of consumerist behaviors; plus tax exemptions and reimbursements for unlimited health expenses. In the symbolic realm, the production of racial hierarchies was observed through the adoption of institutional language in Aracaju's Health Care Network that celebrates and exalts white raciality memory. Thus, the thesis contributes to Critical Psychology by articulating concepts of whiteness and raciality, valuing marginalized knowledge, and deepening the analysis of the intersection of race and class in a presumably unified system. Additionally, the research develops a transversal genealogy of socio-racial relations within the Brazilian context, with emphasis on the Sergipe reality and, to a lesser extent, on the Pernambuco experience.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________; Adoptando la perspectiva de los de abajo, esta tesis interroga cómo se manifiesta el privilegio blanco en las experiencias heredadas y compartidas por usuarios de la clase media en el contexto del Sistema Único de Salud. La investigación se inscribe en el campo de la Psicología Crítica, comprometida y situada, orientada por una praxis anticapitalista, anticolonialista y antirracista. Se fundamenta en el marxismo y en los estudios críticos de la blanquitud. Se caracteriza como un estudio mixto de enfoque cualitativo y carácter exploratorio, combinando fuentes variadas de análisis: literatura especializada, documentos institucionales, indicadores censales, datos del Ministerio de Salud, acervo iconográfico y autoetnografía multisituada. El primer capítulo presenta una revisión de alcance con 24 manuscritos, evidenciando la laguna de investigaciones centradas en la blanquitud de usuarios. El segundo capítulo historiza la formación de la clase media blanca en Brasil, con énfasis en el "milagro económico" durante el régimen militar, período de masificación de privilegios a cambio de apoyo ideológico. El tercer capítulo tensiona la narrativa hegemónica del Movimiento de Reforma Sanitaria Brasileña (MRSB) de construcción del SUS "desde la base", argumentando, contrariamente, que el SUS resultó de un pacto elitista liderado por intelectuales y técnicos mayoritariamente blancos, adeptos a la matriz eurocomunista del Partido Comunista Brasileño, que habían abandonado un horizonte emancipatorio. El alejamiento de los segmentos vulnerabilizados generó una crisis de legitimidad en el MRSB, designada como el "fantasma de la clase [raza] ausente" por algunos líderes. Heredera de la política inmigrantista, la clase media blanca, vía MRSB, actuó en la formulación de la legislación sanitaria, alineándose al fomento de la industria farmacéutica y a la mercantilización de la salud, además de boicotear un sistema verdaderamente único, condicionando su apoyo al SUS al mantenimiento de convenios privados. De esta forma, garantizó doble cobertura asistencial. El cuarto capítulo denuncia la omisión institucional en la recolección y registro del ítem raza/color en las instancias del SUS, impactando la equidad del sistema de salud. Los resultados analíticos, presentados en los tres últimos capítulos, señalan la existencia de deferencias materiales y simbólicas de las que se beneficia la clase media blanca. Entre las ventajas materiales se destacan: la concentración del 69% de los establecimientos de salud ubicados en el "territorio de blanquitud", asegurando comodidad y rapidez en las atenciones de emergencia; la disponibilidad de tiempo para prácticas culturales, deportivas y de ocio; la subversión de normas institucionales; la ocultación de información sin perjuicio de la asistencia; la apropiación indebida de beneficios asistenciales; la personalización de servicios relacionados con insumos específicos; el acceso privilegiado a tecnologías; las decisiones judiciales y derechos sociales vinculados a diagnósticos; la adopción de conductas consumistas; además de exenciones fiscales y reembolsos con gastos ilimitados de salud. En el ámbito simbólico, se constató la producción de jerarquías raciales por medio de la adopción de un lenguaje institucional en la Red de Atención a la Salud de Aracaju que celebra y enaltece la memoria de la racialidad blanca. De esta forma, la tesis aporta a la Psicología Crítica la articulación de los conceptos de blanquitud y racialidad, la valorización de saberes marginalizados y la profundización del análisis de la intersección raza-clase en un sistema presumiblemente único. Adicionalmente, la investigación desarrolla una genealogía transversal de las relaciones sociorraciales en el contexto brasileño, con énfasis en la realidad sergipana y, en menor escala, en la experiencia pernambucana.

2025-11-28T00:00:00Z