https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/2145 2026-10-28T14:05:01Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/26216 Title: Avaliação técnica, energética, econômica e ambiental do aproveitamento energético de biogás a partir da biodigestão anaeróbia de lodo de estações de tratamento de esgotos em Sergipe Authors: Santos, Hellen Karine Sales dos Abstract: The sludge generated in sewage treatment is increasing in production as collection and treatment services advance. Sewage sludge management has associated costs, and anaerobic digestion is a positive approach that adds sustainable management and produces biogas, which can be used for electricity generation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the energy use of sludge generated at the following WWTPs: ERQ Sul, ERQ Oeste, ETE Orlando, and ETE Barra. To achieve this goal, the research methodology involved collecting sludge and sewage samples, analyzing the parameters SS, SV, ST, and SF from the first sludge samples, as well as temperature, pH, and COD from the second samples. The data were then statistically processed, and sludge production was estimated. The work also covered technical, energy, economic, and environmental analysis. The first involved the design of a biodigester to receive and anaerobically digest the sludge generated at the WWTPs in question and a biogas utilization system to generate energy. The second involved calculating the energy balance and savings from the energy supplied by biogas. The third involved calculating the net present value and payback period. The latter covered the calculation of avoided greenhouse gas emissions. In the technical analysis, the biodigesters designed were cylindrical with conical lids and bottoms, all made of reinforced concrete, for two scenarios: one in which it receives sludge from all stations, with a sludge flow of 156.7 m³/day and production of 789.6 m³/day of biogas (BC1), and another that receives sludge only from ERQ Sul (BC2), with a flow of 131.1 m³/day of sludge and generation of 646.3 m³/day of biogas. In the energy analysis, both digesters are able to meet the demand of only the Orlando WWTP or ERQ Sul, with a positive energy balance. In the economic analysis, the two biodigesters pointed to economic unfeasibility with a discounted payback period of 16 years, however, the energy and environmental gains that the project can add must also be considered. Finally, the environmental analysis found a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with the caveat of ensuring the system is airtight to prevent gas leaks. Thus, the energy use from sewage sludge in Sergipe was evaluated in technical, energy, economic, and environmental terms, highlighting an opportunity to transform the challenge of sludge management into an energy-efficient alternative. 2025-06-25T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/26214 Title: Análise da incorporação de CO2 em placa cimentícia têxtil Authors: Carvalho, João Marcos Lima Abstract: The growing concern about the environmental impacts caused by carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from the cement industry has driven the development of sustainable and efficient materials. Portland cement, the main binder in concrete and cementitious boards, is responsible for a significant share of global CO₂ emissions. In this context, the present study proposes to investigate alternatives that combine technical performance with a reduced carbon footprint through the use of textile reinforcements in flat cementitious boards subjected to accelerated carbonation. The general objective of this work is to evaluate CO₂ uptake through carbonation under different exposure conditions in flat cementitious boards reinforced with nonwoven fabric and alkali-resistant glass fabric, in comparison with boards reinforced with synthetic PVA fibers, analyzing the differences in physical, mechanical, and microstructural behavior, as well as in eco-efficiency indicators. The experimental methodology consists of material characterization (particle size distribution by laser diffraction, X-Ray Fluorescence, X-Ray Diffraction, specific mass, and Scanning Electron Microscopy), production of samples in batches using molds with internal dimensions of 29.5 × 16 × 1 cm, and natural carbonation (NC) and chamber carbonation (CC), both with controlled relative humidity and temperature, and with the CO₂ concentration set at 5%. The boards feature two layers of fabric interlaid within the cementitious matrix (Nonwoven Fabric Board (NFB) and Alkali-Resistant Glass Fabric Board (ARGB)). The sample groups were produced and subjected to physical tests (porosity, densities, and dimensional variation due to carbonation), mechanical tests (three-point flexural strength), microstructural tests (digital microscopy, thermogravimetry, carbonation depth, and gravimetry by mass loss in a muffle furnace), and eco-efficiency indicators (binder-flexural intensity, carbon-flexural intensity, and equivalent carbon-flexural intensity balance). The results showed that the NFB exhibited higher porosity and water absorption, associated with a greater advance of the carbonation front, reaching 0.79 mm at 14 days under NC and 0.87 mm under CC. CO₂ uptake at 28 days was also higher in the NFB, reaching 1.70% under NC and 0.88% under CC. In contrast, the ARGB showed a lower carbonation depth, associated with its lower porosity, and stood out for its better mechanical performance and lower eco-efficiency across the three proposed indicators. It is concluded that the type of reinforcement exerts a significant influence on the interaction between CO₂ transport, microstructure, and mechanical performance. The NFB showed greater potential for CO₂ mineralization under the conditions evaluated, while the ARGB presented the best balance between structural performance and eco-efficiency. CO₂ uptake was still insufficient to offset the emissions associated with production during the period evaluated, indicating the need for longer exposure times to better assess the carbonation potential of the boards. 2026-08-28T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/26213 Title: O ensino religioso e a pluralidade religiosa : fundamentos, desafios e possibilidades no contexto educacional contemporâneo Authors: Alves, Margarida Maria Sibaldo Ribeiro Abstract: Faced with the barriers found in teaching Religious Education in public schools– which range from the lack of specific teacher training to episodes of religious intolerance– and considering religious plurality as a pedagogical resource capable of enhancing teaching and learning processes, this study utilized bibliographical research, seeking support in legal and normative documents concerning the theme, as well as in the theories of renowned social and Religious Studies scholars, with the objective of understanding how religious plurality can ground the practice of Religious Education in public schools, contributing to a secular, critical education committed to human rights. The research was based on the theory of two scholars: John Hick’s Pluralistic Hypothesis and Cláudio de Oliveira Ribeiro’s Pluralistic Principle. Hick proposes that great religious traditions constitute culturally conditioned paths in relation to the same Real, favoring a plural understanding of the religious experience, while Ribeiro presents a critical reading of plurality based on the Latin American reality, valuing diversity, combating exclusion, and promoting dialogue and social justice. Throughout the investigation, it became evident that the two theories are connected and can ground a pluralistic practice of Religious Education, capable of valuing religious traditions, religious movements, and philosophies of life. The research also demonstrated the need for specific training in Religion Studies to equip teachers for a critical and reflective practice that considers, as foundations of their pedagogical action, among other aspects, the student's sociocultural and religious context, as well as their commitment to the student's holistic development. This study evidenced, therefore, that religious plurality does not constitute a barrier to the implementation of a democratic, secular, and critical Religious Education, but rather presents the potential to ground a conscious, dialogical teaching practice committed to human development. 2026-08-27T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/26209 Title: Estudo do estado de conservação de fachadas históricas em Lagarto-SE: avaliação em exemplares religioso, institucional e residencial Authors: Chaves, Laísa Fontes Santiago Abstract: The conservation of built cultural heritage—particularly in inland towns—faces a disconnect between the recognition of its historical, aesthetic, and identity-related value and the actual implementation of safeguarding measures, a situation exacerbated by a scarcity of systematized technical studies. Against this backdrop, this dissertation aimed to assess the actual state of conservation of the rendered facades of historic buildings in Lagarto, Sergipe (SE), using an integrated approach that links architectural characteristics, construction techniques, constituent materials, and pathological manifestations. Three representative examples of distinct typologies, built between the 19th and early 20th centuries around the Praça da Matriz, were selected: the Colonial Residence at No. 175 (wattle-and-daub construction); the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary (Neo-Gothic style, stone masonry); and the former City Hall (stone masonry). The methodology comprised a literature and document review, architectural analysis, laboratory characterization of mortars (visual and petrographic analysis, particle size distribution, soluble salt testing, and X-ray diffraction), visual inspection with damage mapping, infrared thermography, and the application of the Conservation Status Indicator for Historic Building Facades (IDh). The results revealed a critical state of conservation across the evaluated group and allowed for the distinction of two material families—historic air-lime mortars (in the Residence and the Church) and contemporary cement-based repairs (in the City Hall)—as well as three predominant degradation mechanisms: structural (due to settlement) in the Residence; physicochemical (due to rising damp and salinization) in the Church; and material incompatibility (due to non-conservative interventions) in the City Hall. The application of the IDh index confirmed this scenario, with values ranging from optimal (9.60% on the church's north façade) to very poor (776% at the Residence and up to 243% at City Hall), demonstrating that the most severe degradation is systematically associated with the replacement of original materials with rigid, impermeable cement-based mortars. It is concluded that an integrated technical diagnosis not only quantifies degradation but also identifies its root causes, providing a scientific basis for compatible interventions that respect the authenticity and integrity of Lagarto’s built heritage and inform future municipal preservation policies. 2026-07-22T00:00:00Z