https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/2438 2026-04-08T02:27:53Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/24319 Título: Determinações histórico-estruturais na conformação da população em situação de rua no Brasil: análise de sua composição de classe, raça e sexo/gênero no período entre 2016 e 2022 Autor(es): Alves, Jarina Ébano Avelina Ferraz Abstract: The study analyzed “the historical-structural determinations of class, race, and sex/gender in the formation of the Brazilian homeless population between 2016 and 2022”. Considering the need to understand the reality of the phenomenon in its essence and totality, especially because it is understood that the object is in constant movement, the method used was dialectical historical materialism. In order to find answers, we set the following general objective: to understand the determinations of class, race, and sex/gender of homeless people in Brazil between 2016 and 2022; and, as for the specific objectives, we intend to: analyze the homeless population as part of the Brazilian working class and its particular attention to racial and sex/gender determinations; understand the connections between the formation of the working class in contemporary Brazil and the existence of the homeless population in the national particularity; and analyze the historical-structural implications of the ethnicracial and sex/gender formation of the homeless population in the country. We used documentary research, since this type of investigation uses materials that prove reality and have not yet received analytical treatment. In addition, to analyze the documents and answer the guiding questions, we used several bibliographical references based on the Marxist perspective. The methodological approach was based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis. To develop the objectives, we carried out the survey and analysis of primary data sources, through the database of the Consultation, Selection and Extraction of Information from the Single Registry of the Federal Government (CECAD 2.0 — CadÚnico). We also used the database of the Brazilian Observatory of Public Policies for the Homeless Population; and the database of the Ministry of Human Rights, through access to the National Observatory of Human Rights, organized on the ObservaDH platform. Regarding the main documentary sources, we used the report of the National Census on the Homeless Population; the National Policy on the Inclusion of the Homeless Population in Brazil; estimates from the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA); and, National Policy for Decent Work and Citizenship for the Homeless Population. The analyses presented, in their results, the close relationship between the formation of the Brazilian working class and the historical-structural determinations that condition the black population, descendants of former slaves, to the fractions excluded from the formal labor market; in this dynamic, the black population becomes exponentially inserted into the relative overpopulation, as an inherent part of the capitalist development circuit; in addition, blacks were expropriated from the centrality of the urban space and limited to marginalized places, making up the majority of the homeless population in Brazil. 2025-08-28T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/24316 Título: A incidência política das mulheres sem teto na luta pelo direito à moradia na cidade mãe de Sergipe (2016 – 2023) Autor(es): Silva, Mylena da Abstract: Esta tesis de maestría propone un análisis a partir de la realidad concreta en su dinámica contradictoria, con el propósito central de comprender la incidencia política de los liderazgos femeninos de la Ocupación Cabrita, ubicada en São Cristóvão-SE (2016 a 2023), a la luz del contexto de la lucha por el derecho a la vivienda y la regularización de tierras. Fundamentada en el enfoque materialista histórico-dialéctico, la investigación reconoce la indisociabilidad de las categorías clase, raza y género como prismas esenciales para comprender las complejas formas de opresión y resistencia vividas por mujeres pobres, en su mayoría negras y mestizas, en un espacio urbano marcado por la reproducción de desigualdades estructurales. Se trata de una investigación-acción documental y bibliográfica, de naturaleza exploratoria y carácter cuali-cuantitativo que, a la luz del enfoque de la totalidad de la vida social, extrapola la pseudoconcreción de las diversas determinaciones y mediaciones de la realidad concreta (Kosik, 1995). Los resultados obtenidos a partir de las lecturas y levantamientos de datos señalan la necesidad de intensificar una organización política permanente contra toda y cualquier forma de opresión, frente a la lucha colectiva del conjunto de la clase trabajadora, ya que las opresiones de género se entrelazan con las desigualdades socioeconómicas, afectando particularmente a las mujeres latinoamericanas, pobres y negras, hijas de la clase trabajadora que no tienen acceso a la vivienda ni al conjunto de políticas de protección social. El estudio demuestra que la experiencia de las mujeres de Cabrita no puede ser comprendida de manera aislada ni a través de una única dimensión. Por el contrario, la pobreza material, combinada con la racialización histórica que las posiciona en el umbral de la exclusión, y con la opresión de género que subordina sus voces y cuerpos, forman conjuntamente una matriz que condiciona su inserción social y política. En este sentido, la lucha por vivienda y derechos sociales articula simultáneamente la lucha contra el capital, el racismo y el patriarcado, en un movimiento que trasciende la reivindicación territorial y se revela como parte de un proceso de carácter emancipador, revolucionario y transformador. Los liderazgos femeninos del territorio emergen como sujetos colectivos que, desde el suelo ocupado, construyen estrategias de resistencia y organización popular, enfrentan las expresiones multifacéticas de la violencia estructural y disputan espacios de poder, con el objetivo de garantizarse “voz y voto” fundamentales en la formulación y disputa de políticas públicas, evidenciando la importancia de su participación efectiva para la democratización de la ciudad, aunque dentro de los límites de la emancipación política. 2025-05-27T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/24314 Título: Trabalho na agroindústria canavieira: bases históricas e estruturais da superexploração da classe trabalhadora em Capela/SE Autor(es): Souto, Olivia Irine Reis Abstract: The main objective of this study was to analyze the historical and structural bases of labor superexploitation in the sugarcane agroindustry, examining the arrangements of labor reorganization/restructuring in contemporary times in the municipality of Capela, Sergipe, Brazil. Throughout the research, the expansion and development of Brazilian dependent capitalism were considered, which flourished subordinated to the expanded reproduction of global capital. Socio-historical and economic inequalities were examined to understand the particularities of labor in the sugarcane agroindustrial complex. The reorganization of field labor led to the intensification of productivity in manual cutting and a reduction in the number of employees with the introduction of harvesters. Historically, Capela has sugar and ethanol production as its main economic pillar. The municipality is characterized by large estates (latifundia), resulting in sugarcane monoculture, which generates significant inequalities and impacts for all its citizens. The investigative process adopted a materialist and historical-dialectical methodological approach to understand the contradictions present in sugarcane production, based on the capitallabor relationship and from the analytical perspective of political economy critique, grasping the structure and dynamics of the object beyond the pseudo-concreteness of the real world (Kosík, 1961). The study is of a quali-quantitative nature, bibliographic and documental, which allowed the use of multiple sources, enabling data collection from the Ministry of Labor and Employment, the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS), and the General Register of Employed and Unemployed (CAGED), using the Brazilian Classification of Occupations (CBO). The results reveal intense social, racial, and gender inequalities, as well as those stemming from land concentration today—a model conducive to the predominance of monoculture. These conditions directly influence the organization of labor in Capela’s sugarcane sector. Workers in sugarcane cultivation are predominantly male, representing over 90% of the total, and exhibit low educational attainment, with approximately 64% not having completed the fifth grade of elementary school. Furthermore, 93% self-identified as Black (80% Black and 13% mixed-race). Sugarcane cutters earn, on average, about 50% less than workers in mechanized harvesting. 2025-06-26T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/24304 Título: A “Guerra às Drogas” e seus impactos na escalada do encarceramento feminino no Brasil Autor(es): Santos, Fabiane Ferreira Nascimento Abstract: This dissertation examines the implications of the “war on drugs” on the increase and deterioration of incarceration conditions for the female prison population in Brazil, considering the context of neoliberalism, with more significant implications for black women. In recent years, the country has experienced a hypertrophy of the incarceration agenda, with the black population as its main “target subjects,” and with a notable increase in the female prison population. Thus, the general objective was to analyze some of the implications of the so-called “war on drugs” on the progression of the female prison population in Brazil. The specific objectives were to understand some of the socio-structural determinants of female incarceration and its connections with the racist-patriarchal-capitalist system; to explain the impacts of the Drug Law on the increase and blackening of female incarceration in Brazil; and to map the current profile of incarcerated women and the conditions to which they are subjected in the Brazilian prison system. This was a bibliographic and documentary study, with an epistemological approach based on historical-dialectical materialism, given its process of successive approximations with the socio-historical determinants that shape the reality of the object under study. The methodological data base was supported by information presented by the Brazilian Forum on Public Safety (FBSP) and the Criminal Information Report (RELIPEN) of the National Mechanism for the Prevention and Combating of Torture, reports from the Prison Ministry, reports from the Brazilian Bar Association, and other documents, with the aim of collecting data on profile, criminal classification, conditions of incarceration, age group, level of education, and other data. This data will be analyzed in light of theoretical references on the subject and will allow us to outline an overview of female incarceration in Brazil. As a result, the data collected shows that in 2024, the female prison population is, in absolute numbers, eight times larger than it was in the 2000s. In terms of profile, 62% of them are black; 30% are between 35 and 45 years old; 39% have only incomplete elementary school education; 83% are imprisoned for drug trafficking; 59% are single, and 24% of them were serving sentences of 4 to 8 years. Another finding is the scenario of permanent violation of rights, highlighting the racist-patriarchal character of the Brazilian state, which operates through the incarceration of women. It can be concluded that ethnicracial status, as well as socioeconomic vulnerability, are predominant factors in women's entry into the prison system, highlighting the direct relationship between gender, race, and class, which end up being reproduced in the prison environment. Furthermore, the data reveal that drug trafficking is the criminal offense for which these women are most often arrested, demonstrating that their involvement in illicit activities is related to the socioeconomic vulnerability resulting from their class conditions. Finally, with regard to the material conditions of women's incarceration, data from the MNPCT (2025) confirm the state of “chaos” in the Brazilian prison system and highlight how gender inequalities exacerbate the situation of women and other vulnerable groups, whose daily lives are marked by violations of fundamental rights and disrespect for their specific needs. 2025-08-28T00:00:00Z