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Determinantes ambientais da diversidade genética da fauna marinha brasileira: uma meta-análise

Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Determinantes ambientais da diversidade genética da fauna marinha brasileira: uma meta-análise Autor(es): Castro, Juliano Guerra de Abstract: Genetic diversity is a fundamental dimension of biodiversity, playing a key role in species evolution and in the resilience of populations to global climate change. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature on population genetics of Brazilian shallow waters marine fauna and to synthesize its results using linear mixed models (LMMs) and meta-regressions, to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on genetic diversity. Studies were included if they measured, or allowed the measuring of, haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (3,14) in at least three populations with five or more individuals of Brazilian marine species distributed along the coast and oceanic islands, based on mitochondrial molecular markers. The literature search was conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Periódicos CAPES databases on December 2, 2025, yielding 1,210 records, of which 63 were included, comprising 64 species and 375 populations. Data synthesis was performed using LMMs, including a spatial autocovariate as a fixed effect to consider the spatial dependence between populations. Results robustness to evolutionary dependence between species as assessed through phylogenetic models (pGLMMs). Model robustness to h and r precision was assessed through sensitivity analyses restricted to populations with 25 or more individuals. Risk of bias in the meta-regressions was evaluated using funnel plots, Egger’s test, Rosenthal’s Failsafe-N, and leave-one-out analyses. The LMMs revealed a weak but consistent positive effect of mean annual sea surface temperature (SST) on h (Estimate = 0.04; p = 0.001), whereas no robust effect was observed for 3,14. This pattern suggests that temperature primarily influences recent demographic events, with no evidence of detectable differences in mutation rates among environments. Meta-regressions conducted using Fisher’s Z-transformed correlation coefficients (Zr) for 40 species with four or more populations corroborated this result (Zr = 0.464; CI = 0.28–0.65; p < 0.0001). The effect was consistent across the most represented phyla and independent of the methodological approaches employed. Robustness analyses found no evidence of publication bias and supported consistency in the results. Limitations of this study include the exclusive use of mitochondrial markers, representing only a fraction of the genome, as well as taxonomic and geographic bias. Overall, the results reinforce that the phylogeographic patterns in Brazilian marine fauna genetic diversity emerge from the interaction between environmental variables, life history and evolutional processes. Therefore, more integrative conservation strategies, aided by high resolution genomic approaches, could highly benefit the understanding and preservation of Brazilian marine biodiversity.

Estudo sistemático da transferência de energia e de espectros de absorção em complexos de európio(III): aplicações da TDDFT e análise quimiométrica

Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Estudo sistemático da transferência de energia e de espectros de absorção em complexos de európio(III): aplicações da TDDFT e análise quimiométrica Autor(es): Santos, Gabriel Silva Abstract: In this work, the performance of different TDDFT(Time-dependent density-functional theory) functionals in describing absorption spectra and energy transfer (ET) in Eu3+ complexes was evaluated. Initially, three β-diketonate complexes were studied: [Eu(DPTB)3(H2O)2] (Eu-1), [Eu(DPTB)3(BathPhen)] (Eu-2), and [Eu(hfaa)3(Nap-TerPyr)] (Eu-3), modeled using the DFT PBE0/TZVP/MWB52 method. TDDFT CAM-B3LYP results satisfactorily reproduced the experimental spectra of Eu-1 and Eu-2, with absorption dominated by β-diketonate ligands. ET occurred mainly through the T1→5D0 and T1→5D1 channels, with rates on the order of 107 s -1 . The higher sensitization efficiency of Eu-1 (η = 52.6%; exp.: 56.3%) compared to Eu-2 (η = 45.0%; exp.: 44.5%) was attributed to a lower T1→S0 deactivation rate. For Eu-3, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) grouped the functionals into three distinct clusters. The spectra predicted by PBE0, B1P, X3LYP, B1LYP, REVPBE0, TPSS0, PW1PW, mPW1PW, and mPW1LYP showed better agreement with experiment. The INDO/S-CIS method reproduced the spectrum well but significantly underestimated the T1 energy. TDDFT results indicated a relevant contribution of the neutral ligand to electronic absorption and of the β-diketonate ligands to ET via T1→Eu3+, with a calculated yield of 52.8% (exp.: 48.8%). Subsequently, the influence of methodological parameters on TDDFT spectra was investigated. PCA clustering of 122 experimental spectra revealed three distinct groups. The projection of theoretical spectra in PCA space, combined with Mahalanobis distances, indicated that the B3LYP functional is the most globally consistent among those studied. Therefore, it was adopted for the factorial design parameter study. The fractional factorial design (25-2 ) showed that the effects of basis set, number of excited states, use of TDA, implicit solvent, and dispersion depend on the spectral cluster: in group 1, effects were minimally relevant; in group 2, the absence of TDA improved agreement; and in group 3, dispersion corrections and absence of TDA were decisive for better reproduction of experimental profiles.

Limiar glicêmico durante teste muscular inspiratório incremental em indivíduos saudáveis e com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Wed, 29 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Limiar glicêmico durante teste muscular inspiratório incremental em indivíduos saudáveis e com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica Autor(es): Silva, Wasly Santana Abstract: Introduction: The glycemic threshold (GT) during the incremental inspiratory muscle test (IIMT) has been proposed by our research group as a tool for inspiratory muscle functional assessment and individualized inspiratory muscle training (IMT) prescription. However, its agreement with the first lactate threshold (LT1) and its applicability in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have not yet been investigated. Objectives: To evaluate the agreement between GT and LT1 during the IIMT in healthy individuals and to investigate the determination of GT in individuals with COPD, as well as its associations with clinical and functional variables. Methods: Two studies were conducted using the IIMT. In the first study, healthy individuals performed the IIMT with simultaneous determination of GT, LT1, and the second lactate threshold (LT2). In the second study, individuals with COPD performed the IIMT for GT determination and analysis of its association with rating of perceived exertion, dyspnea, functional capacity, and cardiovascular autonomic balance. The incremental protocol started at 10% of the S-Index, with progressive workload increments until the point of exhaustion (PE). Results: In the first study, GT showed good agreement with LT1. LT1 and GT occurred at 22±8.3% and 26±13.2% of the S-Index, respectively, whereas LT2 and PE were identified at 44±10.1% and 60±14.1% of the S-Index. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated low bias between methods for relative workload (−3.84±10.44% of the S-Index) and no proportional bias (p=0.06; R²=0.25). In the second study, GT was identified at 25±11.6% of the S-Index and showed a strong correlation with rating of perceived exertion during the IIMT (r=0.84; p<0.01). In addition, PE and ΔGT–PE were correlated with cardiovascular autonomic balance (LF/HF: r=−0.83 and r=−0.71; p<0.01), whereas ΔGT–PE was also correlated with dyspnea assessed by the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale (r=−0.68; p=0.01) and Borg dyspnea at the end of the six-minute walk test (r=−0.83; p<0.01). Conclusion: GT is an identifiable physiological marker during the IIMT, showing agreement with LT1 in healthy individuals and association with important clinical and functional variables in individuals with COPD. These findings support its potential as a tool for inspiratory muscle functional assessment and individualized IMT prescription.

Diagnóstico da mobilidade urbana sustentável em capitais regionais: um estudo de caso em Feira de Santana/BA

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Diagnóstico da mobilidade urbana sustentável em capitais regionais: um estudo de caso em Feira de Santana/BA Autor(es): Santos, Eduardo Xavier Abstract: This dissertation is situated within the field of sustainable urban mobility, understood as a planning model that incorporates into urban mobility an agenda guided by measures aimed at promoting quality of life, preserving the environment, and protecting natural resources (Carvalho, 2016). Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze sustainable urban mobility in a Brazilian regional capital, taking the municipality of Feira de Santana (BA) as a case study. According to IBGE (2018), based on the REGIC study, 97 municipalities are classified as regional capitals, characterized as urban centers with a high concentration of management activities and services that exert influence over extensive regional areas. Among these cities, Feira de Santana, Bahia, is selected as the case study because it represents the second largest municipality in the state, with more than 600,000 inhabitants (IBGE, 2022). Furthermore, it constitutes the main economic, commercial, and logistical hub of Bahia’s interior, performing typical functions of a structured regional capital by concentrating demographic and economic flows from its area of influence (Santos et al., 2024). As a methodological instrument, the Sustainable Urban Mobility Index (IMUS), developed by Costa (2008), is adopted, as it is a methodology widely applied in the Brazilian context and has been implemented in six regional capitals over the past five years: João Pessoa (PB), Aracaju (SE), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Passo Fundo (RS), Rio Verde (GO), and Sinop (MT). The IMUS is based on a quantitative and multicriteria approach structured around 87 indicators distributed across nine thematic domains: accessibility; environmental aspects; social aspects; political aspects; transport infrastructure; non-motorized modes; integrated planning; traffic and urban circulation; and urban transport systems. The research draws on data from institutional databases, legislation, urban plans, and field surveys to meet the requirements of the indicators, which are calculated and organized according to a weighting system that allows for the redistribution of values in cases where the application of a given indicator is not feasible. Due to limitations in data availability, 55 indicators were applied in Feira de Santana, corresponding to a completion rate of 63%. Nevertheless, the study remains valid, as indicators were computed across all nine domains, as required by Costa (2008). As a result, Feira de Santana achieved an overall index score of 0.432, highlighting as a strength the presence of regulatory instruments aligned with federal policies. On the other hand, the main weaknesses include the predominance of fragmented actions, low intersectoral coordination, limited intermodality, low quality of urban public transport services, shortcomings in democratic governance, socio-spatial inequalities, and institutional limitations in urban mobility management. These findings indicate a mismatch between the normative framework and the effective implementation of the guidelines established by the National Urban Mobility Policy. A similar pattern is observed among the other regional capitals analyzed, suggesting common characteristics among these municipalities. Based on these findings, five general guidelines are proposed to support future actions and planning initiatives: strengthening the integration between urban planning and mobility; reorienting road space to prioritize sustainable modes; improving and strengthening urban public transport; reinforcing the environmental dimension of urban mobility; and expanding democratic governance and social control mechanisms. Finally, it is concluded that the application of the IMUS proves to be appropriate for diagnosing sustainable urban mobility in Feira de Santana and for guiding improvements in sustainable urban mobility in regional capitals.