https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21883 Sat, 04 Apr 2026 10:58:30 GMT 2026-04-04T10:58:30Z http://ri.ufs.br:80/retrieve/f4f06d49-a474-42d9-90a3-9759ff6c3f0b/PPGE.png https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21883 https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/22719 Título: Os elos entre a questão agrária e a questão racial no contexto de expansão do agronegócio no campo brasileiro Autor(es): Silva, Samuel Santana Abstract: This paper seeks to analyze, based on economic history, the relationship between the agrarian issue and the racial issue within the dynamics of Agribusiness expansion in the Brazilian countryside. From a historical perspective, the research revisits the colonial processes that gave rise to large estates and racism, highlighting the role of legislation such as the 1850 Land Law. Next, we analyze how the modernization of the agrarian sector has transformed the technical basis and social relations of production while maintaining a highly concentrated agrarian structure in the hands of white landowners. To this end, we use data from the Demographic and Agricultural Censuses. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the agrarian issue and the racial issue in the 21st century, drawing primarily on the 2017 Agricultural Census. This census highlights the increasing concentration of land ownership in Brazil in the 21st century, as small farms lose land while large estates expand their share of occupied territory. It is also the first in the historical series to map rural producers based on their race or color. According to this census, among producers managing establishments with a total area of up to 1 hectare, 57.9% identified as mixed race, 25.5% as white, 13.6% as Black, 8.3% as Indigenous, and 1.8% as Asian. The proportions are starkly different in larger landholdings. In establishments exceeding 500 hectares, the distribution is reversed: 72.2% of owners are white, 23.9% mixed race, 2.5% Black, 0.4% Indigenous, and 0.06% Asian. Thus, we demonstrate that there is indeed a close relationship between racism and Brazilian latifundia, rooted in the country's socio- territorial formation. This relationship has intensified as Agribusiness consolidates and expands further into the countryside, concentrating land ownership increasingly in the hands of white landowners. Mon, 26 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/22719 2024-08-26T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/22373 Título: Entre a inclusão e a exclusão: barreiras para a inserção de pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho brasileiro Autor(es): Melo, Alef Rafael Santos Abstract: Although the existence of people with disabilities is as old as humanity itself, these individuals have historically faced continuous barriers to full social participation, a reality that still persists. Since the late twentieth century, the Brazilian State has implemented laws and public policies to promote equal opportunities in employment, education, health, and leisure. However, persistent inequalities reveal existing gaps in these efforts. This study aimed to analyze the evolution of labor market inclusion for people with disabilities in Brazil between 2019 and 2022. To achieve this, an exploratory and comparative analysis of available data was conducted, along with logistic regression models. Two main hypotheses were tested. The first, that employability improved over the period, was confirmed by a modest rise in the employment rate among people with disabilities, from 21.92 percent in 2019 to 23.20 percent in 2022. The second, that individuals with severe disabilities face greater barriers than the broader group, was also supported. Marginal effects showed a reduction of 24.74 percentage points in 2019 and 28.45 percentage points in 2022 for this subgroup, while the general group of people with disabilities experienced a relatively stable disadvantage of around 9.7 percentage points in both years. These findings reflect gradual progress but emphasize the persistence and even intensification of structural barriers, particularly for those with more severe disabilities. Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/22373 2025-03-31T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21888 Título: Ensaios sobre gestão municipal, eficiência e desempenho escolar: uma análise para o nordeste brasileiro Autor(es): Lemos Júnior, José Irinaldo de Jesus Abstract: This dissertation aims to analyze the influence of municipal management on school performance in municipalities in the Northeast Region of Brazil from 2005 to 2019. The study is presented in two essays. The first essay reconstructs the Municipal Institutional Quality Index (IQIM), initially developed by the Monitor/Boucinhas e Campos Consortium, using data from the Basic Municipal Information Survey (MUNIC) and the Municipal Finance Survey (FINBRA). This reconstruction facilitates a descriptive and classificatory analysis of municipal management quality across these municipalities. The results indicate that the states of Ceará, Bahia, and Pernambuco exhibited the strongest municipal management performance, while Maranhão, Sergipe, and Paraíba showed the weakest. The second essay employs an econometric analysis to explore the relationship between the IQIM and the Basic Education Development Index (IDEB) for municipalities in the northeastern states, using a quantile regression model (Koenker & Hallock, 2000) for the period from 2005 to 2019. The findings suggest a positive correlation between the quality of local administration, as indicated by the IQIM, and the IDEB scores for the final years of education in northeastern municipalities. Additionally, the analysis highlights that states such as Ceará, which have implemented planning and management instruments, achieved superior educational outcomes. Wed, 28 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21888 2024-08-28T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21887 Título: Complexidade econômica e desigualdade: análise da trajetória de desenvolvimento nos países do “resto” Autor(es): Teixeira, Ray Raposo Abstract: This dissertation investigates the intersections between Alice Amsden's The Rise of the Rest and economic complexity theory, aiming to elucidate how economic complexity influences income inequality in the "Rest" countries discussed by Amsden. Through the application of OLS, pooled OLS, and dynamic panel regression models—specifically the GMM system—to a sample of 132 countries from 1990 to 2019, the analysis reveals that economic complexity generally exerts a negative effect on income inequality, suggesting that more complex economies tend to exhibit more equitable income distributions. However, disaggregated analyses reveal that the impact of economic complexity on inequality is non linear and varies significantly across regions. Specifically, in the "Rest" countries of Latin America, the relationship between economic complexity and inequality is positive, indicating that greater economic complexity is associated with increased income inequality in these nations. Conversely, in the "Rest" of East Asia, the effect is negative, implying that higher economic complexity contributes to reduced inequality. These findings underscore the divergent development trajectories of the "Rest" countries and highlight the importance of regional contexts in economic policymaking, demonstrating that the effects of economic complexity can differ based on the economic and social structures of individual countries. Wed, 28 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21887 2024-08-28T00:00:00Z