https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/2489 Sat, 11 Jul 2026 15:17:01 GMT 2026-07-11T15:17:01Z http://ri.ufs.br:80/retrieve/f39f0d0e-6614-45b2-a210-8522edcc7ded/PROPEC.png https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/2489 https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/25416 Título: Renda do petróleo e royalties em Sergipe: análise a partir dos debates teóricos, das empresas no mercado mundial e da distribuição dos royalties no Brasil e em Sergipe Autor(es): Santos, Iargo de Souza Abstract: Oil, its geographical distribution, and ownership have been central to economy and politics throughout the 20th century and are poised to remain so for the foreseeable future. In this early 21st century, news regarding international market prices, new reserve discoveries, OPEC decisions, coups d'état, and wars of occupation surrounding this resource are intertwined with the urgent need to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and transition toward a decarbonized economy. In the current context, climate change and the resulting extreme weather events driven by rising global temperatures can no longer be ignored. The Paris Agreement, signed by 196 countries in 2015, committed to measures for reducing GHG emissions, aiming to limit global temperature rise to between 1.5ºC and 2.0ºC. However, the UN Environment Programme's Production Gap Report (2023) reveals a discrepancy between production levels and what is necessary to meet climate goals. The report concludes that, at the current pace, fossil fuel production in 2030 will be 110% higher than required to limit warming to 1.5ºC and 69% higher for 2ºC. For 2050, projections indicate discrepancies of 350% and 150%, respectively. Brazil stands out among the leaders in oil expansion projects, with a forecast to reach 5.3 million barrels per day by 2030. Following the Pre-Salt layer, the SergipeAlagoas (SEAL) basin concentrates the sector's highest interest for oil and natural gas production and exploration, including high chances of new discoveries and the announced "Sergipe Águas Profundas" (Sergipe Deep Water) project. This dissertation analyzes the recent experience of receiving royalties in Sergipe and the challenges posed by a scenario of transformation in the oil industry and the expansion of royalty collection in the State. From a theoretical-methodological standpoint, the research is grounded in historical and dialectical materialism. The approach is both qualitative and quantitative. The main methodological procedures used include bibliographic research, document analysis, and descriptive statistics. The study critically reviews the "natural resource curse" theses and the neoclassical model of exhaustible resources, contrasting them with Marx's theory of ground rent. It demonstrates that the categories of differential rent and absolute rent offer distinct explanations of the phenomenon, enabling analysis that deepens the understanding of the contradictions inherent in the process of capital accumulation in general, and in the oil industry in particular. Furthermore, we seek to characterize the oil industry on a global scale to contextualize and compare it with the Brazilian and, subsequently, the Sergipano context. We gathered a dataset for Brazil and the world across multiple dimensions: production, consumption, refining, export flows, reserves, the production-consumption ratio, and major companies. The results demonstrate that the Brazilian concession regime provides lower government take compared to other countries; likewise, Petrobras's contribution has been smaller compared to other National Oil Companies (NOCs). Regarding Sergipe, we analyzed the characteristics of oil and gas production, gathering a broad set of information to characterize the industry in the state and its evolution over time. We conclude that the municipalities that were the largest beneficiaries of royalties between 1999 and 2024 did not show significant improvements in development indicators, such as the IFDM, corroborating findings from previous studies. The work concludes that the debate strictly focused on the application of royalties, while important, deflects attention from fundamental issues such as the social and environmental impacts of fossil fuel exploration and the privatization process of Petrobras. Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/25416 2025-08-28T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21899 Título: Trajetória da agroindústria canavieira em Alagoas: desindustrialização e os impactos do regime neoliberal desde a década de 1990 Autor(es): Melo, Érick Silva de Abstract: In a national context characterized by regional disparities, Alagoas faces various problems within its Sugarcane Agroindustrial Complex (CAC), primarily due to neoliberal policies that intensified from the 1990s onward. These policies introduced a new paradigm in the region, negatively impacting the CAC. Trade deregulation, an emphasis on international competitiveness, and the devaluation of the Brazilian real triggered a process of deindustrialization. Amidst these challenges, an agroindustrial sugarcane oligarchy rose to power, concentrating wealth and political influence. This elite, benefitting from neoliberal policies, perpetuated social inequality and labor exploitation, relegating workers to poverty and unemployment. The post-Sugar and Alcohol Institute (IAA) period was marked by a productive restructuring led by large conglomerates. This restructuring, prioritizing ultra-specialization in the sugar-energy sector, deepened imbalances and dependence on monoculture. State interventions in the agroindustrial sector, shaped by neoliberal policies, generated direct impacts on local economic development. Unrestrained environmental exploitation, soil degradation, and water pollution worsened, threatening the sector's sustainability and the population's quality of life. The deindustrialization of the CAC is a phenomenon whose effects transcend local boundaries. Exchange rates, imports, exports, and other economic factors were profoundly affected, leading to various negative consequences. The sugar-alcohol sector is not limited to mere commodity production; however, with the implementation of neoliberal policies, this potential was suppressed, exacerbating poverty and inequality. This research aims to analyze the evolution of the Alagoan sugarcane agroindustrial sector since 1990, diagnosing problems and proposing solutions for a more inclusive and sustainable development. The specific objectives are: (1) to analyze structural changes in the sugarcane agroindustrial sector, (2) to examine inequality indicators and their relations to sector transformations, (3) to investigate the regulation of the agroindustrial sector, (4) to identify the neoliberal policies that affected this regulation, and (5) to analyze the impacts of deindustrialization on regional development. The research focuses on productive diversification, valuing family farming, access to credit and technology for small producers, environmental protection, and promoting fairer and more equitable productive chains. Thus, this work adopted explanatory methodologies to uncover the main problems shaping the CAC in Alagoas. The outcomes of this investigation include promoting agricultural production diversification to reduce dependence on sugarcane monoculture, implementing public policies for sustainable agroindustrial development, combating labor exploitation with improvements in working conditions, stricter environmental protection, and stimulating research and technological innovation. These results aim not only to understand but also to propose practical solutions to the challenges faced by the sector in Alagoas. Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21899 2024-09-30T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21898 Título: Uma análise do PRONAF: características e evolução no município de Nossa Senhora do Socorro/SE Autor(es): Cruz, Filipe de Melo Abstract: The National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (PRONAF) was developed in 1996, with the aim of providing family farming with incentives to achieve regional development. This work aims to analyze PRONAF in the municipality of Nossa Senhora do Socorro, located in the metropolitan region of Aracaju, in the east of the State of Sergipe, investigating the characteristics and evolution of the program. The object of study shows that the municipality in question, despite being in the metropolitan region, the presence of family farming is significant and the rural population is quite impoverished, which makes PRONAF relevant for the municipality, considering that one of the main objectives of the program is the reduction of rural poverty. As far as this work is concerned, this research is described as descriptive, because it seeks to describe the relevant role of PRONAF as a public policy. The methodological procedures were bibliographic research and descriptive statistics. The technique used is quantitative in nature, based on statistical surveys from the Central Bank of Brazil's yearbook and the rural credit data matrix, in order to examine the volume and evolution of PRONAF contracts. The period analyzed between 2013 and 2023 was delimited by the provision of data from the Central Bank of Brazil on rural credit destined to PRONAF in the municipalities. As for the Agricultural Census data, the 2006 and 2017 censuses, the most recent available, were used. The two series provide the guarantee of compliance between analyses. The main finding of the research is that despite the public policy being relevant on the national scene, in the municipality of Nossa Senhora do Socorro, in the period between 2013 and 2023, there was a very sharp reduction of 95.65% in the number of contracts executed and a reduction of 66.70% in the volume of resources made available. The concentration of credit available for livestock farming and the predominance of PRONAF-B microcredit demonstrates that the program has mainly served smaller farmers with greater social vulnerability. However, the drastic reduction in hiring in recent years raises questions about the effectiveness of the program in promoting the development of family farming in Nossa Senhora do Socorro. Wed, 28 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21898 2024-08-28T00:00:00Z https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21896 Título: Expansão do crédito no Brasil: a atuação das fintechs no sistema financeiro e seus possíveis efeitos sobre a inadimplência Autor(es): Oliveira, Jennifer Gracielli de Abstract: This study explores the expansion of fintechs within the Brazilian National Financial System (SFN) and their potential effects on default rates. Fintechs, financial companies that use technology to offer more accessible and efficient services, have been challenging the traditional banking structures since their emergence, particularly after regulation by the Central Bank in 2016. The primary objective of the research is to investigate whether the increase in credit access promoted by these companies contributes to a rise in default rates within the financial sector. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the dissertation analyzes data from the Central Bank's Credit Information System (SCR) as well as from research institutes like IBGE, covering the period from 2016 to 2023. Linear regression models were applied to assess the relationship between fintech credit and default rates, also considering economic and social variables such as interest rates, income, unemployment, and the IPCA. The results indicate that while fintechs have shown significant growth, their direct impact on default rates is currently limited due to the small volume of credit they represent in the sector. However, as these companies continue to grow, the impact of macroeconomic and social variables may become more pronounced, requiring careful management of credit risks. The study concludes that despite the increasing importance of fintechs in the SFN, other economic factors have greater potential to influence default rates in the short term. The expansion of fintechs necessitates continuous attention to risk mitigation strategies and monitoring of economic conditions that could affect the stability of the financial system. Tue, 27 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/21896 2024-08-27T00:00:00Z