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Análise biomecânica de miniparafusos ortodônticos submetidos a múltiplas inserções e esterilização física

Tue, 29 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Análise biomecânica de miniparafusos ortodônticos submetidos a múltiplas inserções e esterilização física Autor(es): Santos, Victor Luiz Meneses Machado Abstract: Introduction: Anchorage control is crucial in orthodontics, so the use of auxiliary devices is necessary for treatment. Orthodontic tooth movement occurs through forces that cause action and reaction. Various devices are available to reinforce anchorage, but they do not eliminate the reaction caused by movement. Temporary anchorage devices, supported by a fixed point, eliminate the reaction effect caused by orthodontic movement. An excellent option is the orthodontic miniscrew, as it is easy to install and can be placed in various locations. Due to its low osseointegration, stability occurs through mechanical retention, so the main concern is the possibility of fracture. Objective: To evaluate the maximum insertion and removal torque of orthodontic miniscrews subjected to physical sterilization. Methodology: This study used 40 miniscrews, distributed into four groups (n=10), divided by the number of reuses and sterilizations. The miniscrews were inserted into a test specimen, then removed, sterilized, and reinserted to assess their resistance to insertion and removal torque. Torque was measured using a digital torque meter. Results: A statistically significant decrease in maximum insertion torque was observed, while maximum removal torque varied between the torque averages at the various times they were removed. However, a statistically significant decrease was observed between removals. The groups showed no statistical difference when evaluated at the same insertion and removal times, revealing homogeneity of the data.

Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de bactérias multirresistentes isoladas em um hospital universitário

Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de bactérias multirresistentes isoladas em um hospital universitário Autor(es): Matos, Rita de Cássia Santa Rosa Abstract: Healthcare-associated infections are a global concern, as they often involve multidrug resistant and virulent microorganisms, increasing mortality, hospital costs, and patient insecurity. These bacteria, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive, spread easily and can become superbugs by acquiring virulence factors and developing resistance mechanisms such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, carbapenemases, and vancomycin resistance. Thus, the present study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile and virulence factors in multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated by the University Hospital of Lagarto (HUL), through phenotypic and genetic characterization. The project was approved by the Teaching and Research Management of HUL and by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe. The research was conducted between September 2023 and January 2025. Fifty strains were analyzed, and tests were performed for the detection of antimicrobial resistance, phenotypic detection of ESBL through the double-disk synergy test, and phenotypic detection of carbapenemases through the modified carbapenem inactivation method. Molecular tests were carried out to verify the presence of genes encoding ESBLs and carbapenemases. Tests were also conducted to detect virulence factors (polysaccharide capsule, type 1 fimbriae, hypermucoviscosity, and biofilm). Paeruginosa species were subjected to genetic testing for virulence genes (aprA, plcN, plcH, algD, and lasB). The most frequently found microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (52 %), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14 %), Escherichia coli (10 %), Enterococcus faecalis (6 %), and other bacteria (18 %). The main source of isolates was urine (52 %). Regarding antimicrobial resistance, K. pneumoniae showed 92% resistance to fourth-generation cephalosporins and 73 % to carbapenems. Paeruginosa showed 100 % resistance to carbapenems, and E. coli showed 100% resistance to fluoroquinolones. Enterococcus faecalis and faecium showed 100% resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin. The most prevalent ESBL gene was TEM, with 51.1 %. 22.2 % of Gram-negative samples simultaneously harbored TEM + SHV + CTX-M-1 genes. The blaKPC gene was the most prevalent carbapenemase, detected in 40% of isolates, especially in P. aeruginosa (85.7 %). 35.1 % of Gram negative samples presented both carbapenemase and ESBL genes simultaneously. The vanA gene was found in 60 % of Enterococcus isolates. Among the virulence factors, 78 % had a polysaccharide capsule, 66 % had type 1 fimbriae, 94 % were biofilm producers, and all P. aeruginosa strains presented the tested virulence genes. The results confirmed the national trend of increasing detection of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, especially K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The significant detection of biofilm and other virulence factors indicates a high infectious potential of the strains. The findings will serve as a basis for future studies and may contribute to improving the institution's protocols in combating healthcare-associated infections.

Disfunções do assoalho pélvico e sintomas urinários em mulheres hospitalizadas com doenças respiratórias

Fri, 30 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Disfunções do assoalho pélvico e sintomas urinários em mulheres hospitalizadas com doenças respiratórias Autor(es): Rebouças, Danielle Alves de Andrade Abstract: Introduction: Individuals affected by respiratory conditions may develop biomechanical and neuromuscular impairments associated with symptoms and dysfunctions of the pelvic floor. However, few studies have examined this set of conditions and analyzed their impacts on quality of life and survival, hospitalization, occurrence of infections, length of stay, and clinical outcomes. Objective: To analyze factors associated with pelvic floor dysfunction and urinary symptoms in hospitalized women affected by respiratory conditions. Method: This is a primary, observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted at the University Hospital of Lagarto (HUL). Participant selection and data collection were carried out in three stages. The first stage involved using electronic medical records to collect sociodemographic, anthropometric, functional, and clinical data. In the second stage, cognitive screening was performed using the 10-CS-Edu, and direct data on obstetric and urogynecological history were collected through interviews. In the third stage, the questionnaires used were: Pelvic Floor Disability Index (PFDI-20) (pelvic floor discomfort) and Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ-11) (physical and mental fatigue symptoms). Results: A total of 92 women were evaluated, with a mean age of 70.93 years; most had low body weight, low education, and restrictive and infectious respiratory conditions. For the second stage, 64 (69.56%) participants were excluded due to clinical instability, motor, cognitive, or consciousness deficits. Twenty-one women were recruited for the administration of the PFDI-2 and CFQ-11 questionnaires. Quantitative analyses were performed on data from 73 of the 92 participants using Stata 17.0® software, with statistical significance set at a 5% level (p < 0.05). Differences in sample characteristics based on urinary tract infection and indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) were analyzed using chi-square tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey's post hoc test. A total of 66.7% of participants self-reported mild pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms, with a mean score of 5.28 (± 6.47) on the urinary symptom subscale (UDI-6). Additionally, 66.7% exhibited signs of fatigue, with a mean score of 7.71 (± 6.09) in the physical domain. The prevalence of urinary tract infection and use of an indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) in the population was 48.39%, with 21.43% having isolated urinary tract infections and 51.61% having IUCs. After adjusting for confounding variables (age, marital status, BMI, and current IMS), the association between IUC use and urinary tract infection remained significant (adjusted OR = 3.98; 95% CI: 1.13 - 14.00; p = 0.031). Conclusion: Therefore, women with reduced functionality who use IUCs are at an increased risk of developing urinary tract infections in the hospital setting.

Análise epidemiológica de pacientes internados por infecção do SARS-CoV-2 no estado de Sergipe

Wed, 31 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Análise epidemiológica de pacientes internados por infecção do SARS-CoV-2 no estado de Sergipe Autor(es): Santos, Ronaide Paula dos Abstract: Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified as the causal agent of the disease known as COVID-19. About the COVID-19 pandemic, epidemiological studies were essential to characterize the evolution of the disease, risk factors and prevention measures. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the state of Sergipe. Method: The studied population was composed of individuals over 18 years of age who were admitted to the Hospital Cirurgia (HC) in Aracaju and the Hospital Universitário de Lagarto (HUL) from March 2020 to December 2021. Data were collected from medical record that allowed obtaining sociodemographic information and information regarding their hospital admission, the interventions that were carried out, the length of stay, sequelae and outcome. To this end, an online form was used and subsequent tabulation in an Excel spreadsheet. The research was carried out from October 2022 to April 2023. Results: the research included data obtained from 1087 medical records, 614 of which were at HUL and 473 at HC. It was observed that patients hospitalized at HUL had a mean age of 60.8, while patients hospitalized at HC had a mean age of 59.0. The majority were male, 646 (59.4%). Regarding race, 548 (78.8%) declared themselves as brown, it was also observed that 730 (94.60%) declared non-smokers, only 181 (17.8%) had a fever upon admission. The most common diseases were Systemic Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. 730 (96.9%) used oxygen therapy, of which 324 (37.7%) used Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, 490 (45.4%) used a feeding tube. The time for symptoms to appear corresponded to 11.4 days in patients hospitalized in Aracaju, different from the profile of patients hospitalized in Lagarto which had an average of 6.8 days, the main sequelae found were respiratory (60.53%), motor (51.14%) and swallowing (10.67%). Regarding the use of medications, the most used were: intravenous antibiotics 922 (90.3%), corticosteroids 811 (79.4%) and azithromycin 289 (20.3%). Discussion: it was observed that there were differences in some characteristics such as the duration of symptoms, percentage of lung involvement on x-ray and length of stay. It was observed that patients hospitalized in Lagarto stayed hospitalized longer, had a greater degree of pulmonary involvement with a shorter duration of symptoms, and were older patients than patients admitted to the HC in Aracaju. Conclusion: The profile of patients hospitalized in the state of Sergipe showed a prevalence of males, the majority being elderly and with comorbidities, in which it was observed that the most present were SAH and DM, it was observed that patients affected by Most of them were not current smokers, and the main sequelae found were: respiratory, motor and swallowing.