Influência do HPV como potencial fator de risco de desenvolvimento do carcinoma de células escamosas intraoral: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Oral cancer is among the five most prevalent cancers in male patients and is the twelfth in females. The same has always been associated with alcohol and tobacco risk factors. However, currently a new potential risk factor is under study: the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV); the same is already achieved as a risk factor for cancer of the cervix and esopharynx. In order to verify the performance of HPV as a potential risk factor for intraoral cancer, a review of the literature was conducted using the SciELO and PubMed databases with articles between 1998 and 2017. The oncogenic activity of HPV is mainly a result of its genetic variations E6 and E7, titled as oncoproteicos, and they act on the p53 regulatory complex of the G1/S and G2/M phases and associated with retinoblastoma (pRb) responsible for tumor suppression respectively. However, oral lesions are controversial and can be explained by the lack of standards in studies, different methodologies, epidemiological factors and anatomical bias in the classification of the head and neck system, justifying the great difference in the results of the studies. It is concluded that there are still discrepancies in the results of the studies to connect and to concretize the HPV virus as a potential risk factor in intraoral cancer.