Reuso de efluente cervejeiro tratado para fins agrícolas – um estudo de caso no município de Estância/SE

Abstract

It is becoming increasingly remarkable that, even with the advent of technology and worldwide advances in the most varied sectors of the economy, concern for the environment is still in short stages. The problem with water resources, taking into account annual data reports from entities such as ANA, CETESB, UNICEF and WHO, point out how the reality of water consumption and management by both civil society and economic sectors is still haunting. the survival of water supplies scattered all over the planet. The brewing industry is one of the largest users in terms of water volume in the world, losing to the agricultural sector, pioneer in the use of water resources in its processes. Despite the large consumption, breweries, in general, are very friendly in relation to the environment, promoting and investing in studies and procedures that seek to save on energy matrices and inputs that it enjoys. The practice of wastewater reuse is becoming increasingly strong and active, and, although not yet regulated by law in Brazil, has international guidelines that allow procedures at the national level. The present study evaluated the practice of treated beer effluent reuse for irrigation of arable areas through the social project Efluent Export, a program implemented by a local brewery in lots located in the rural area of Estancia / SE. Three of the eight lots that make up the total area of the project were studied in the driest period of the year in the region, between December / 2018 and March / 2019. In compliance with CONAMA Resolution No. 420 / 2009, the results were consistent, attesting that, under normal conditions, water does not change the inorganic parameters of the soil. The treated wastewater also showed, through laboratory analysis, that parameters such as BOD, COD, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and total soluble solids are not in sufficient quantities to alter the natural processes of the soil. Total phosphorus and nitrogen increased, benefiting the plant-soil complex and acting as a fertilizer. Regarding the chemical properties of the soil, the analyzes showed that pH, nitrogen, potassium and electrical conductivity did not show significant changes, however, sodium practically tripled in all irrigated lots, alerting to the monitoring or study of procedures aimed at reducing the amount. of salt in the treated effluent, since salinity is a limiting factor for the development of the great majority of cultivable species. The project, even in just three months of operation, showed very favorable expectations for the practice, requiring more time and deeper evaluations at other times of the year, with greater influence of external factors and making necessary corrections.