O conceito de necropolítica como uma importante contribuição à criminologia crítica periférica

Abstract

This monograph aims to investigate the possibilities of theoretical articulation between peripheral critical criminology and the concept of necropolitics, developed by Achille Mbembe, under the method of documental research through a bibliographic survey. Therefore, it was necessary to recover the general features of critical criminology, in order to problematize the possibility of a peripheral critical criminology capable of encompassing the concept of necropolitics. To contextualize this concept, this research initially addressed the category of biopolitics from its emergence to the Foucaultian perspective, emphasizing the main features and reinterpretations undertaken by other authors. It was also essential to discuss the structural crisis of capitalism, highlight chronic unemployment and the production of the superfluous, in whose core barbaric capitalism emerges. Thereafter, this monograph addressed the category of necropolitics as an update of Foucault's social critique to think about the peripheral world, demarcating its main characteristics, such as the reference to the state of exception that becomes the rule, the widespread destruction of human bodies and the appeal to emergency situations and the fictional construction of an enemy. Furthermore, the monograph also highlighted that the production of deaths in the contemporary configuration is not restricted to the figure of the State, but also reaches international corporations and drug trafficking. Subsequently, it was discussed how critical criminology theorists of the 1970s thought the racial issue subsumed to the social class marker, in order to understand it as a variable of penal selectivity, also demonstrating the later moment in which this issue became thematized as a structuring element of penal agencies. Drawing on Horkheimer, Rusche and Kirchheimer, Michel Foucault and Angela Davis, this text has observed that the Frankfurt School tradition constitutes a bridge between peripheral critical criminology and necropolitics. Afterwards, he also verified the handling of necropolitics to understand the phenomena of mass incarceration and the criminal policy of the war on drugs, in such a way as to highlight the exercise of necropolitics by penal agencies against the superfluous. Thus, the research concluded by establishing the possibilities of theoretical articulation between the concept of necropolitics and peripheral criminological criticism, providing this with a more accurate analysis of the criminal issue.