Funcionalidade e acessibilidade : análise de um conjunto habitacional unifamiliar do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida - entidades em Itaporanga d’Ajuda – SE

Abstract

Over the years, the demand for social interest housing has grown significantly in Brazil and various government programs have tried to meet the large housing deficit. However, housing built through a Brazilian housing program, commonly characterized by excessive standardization and a growing reduction in useful areas, has not been able to meet the functional needs of resident families, especially those with lower incomes. In this context, in 2009, the My House My Life Program (PMCMV) was created, with the objective of serving different economic classes, especially the population with lower purchasing power. Following the same line as its predecessors, the PMCMV housing units needed to be designed and built in accordance with a series of minimum technical project specifications and comply with the determinations provided for in norms, ordinances and laws of the Federal Government. These specifications aimed to preserve the minimum functional and accessibility quality of the house, but do all the housing units designed and built by the PMCMV have a good functional and accessibility quality? Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the functional and accessibility quality of single-family dwellings in the Residencial Santa Terezinha, built through the PMCMV - Entities in the municipality of Itaporanga D’Ajuda-SE. Therefore, a qualitative analysis was carried out on the architectural design of housing units from three focuses: (i) functional analysis, developed from the application of the QualiHabita Method produced by Logsdon (2012), in addition to the normative principles established in the NBR 15,575-1:2013; (ii) analysis of activity spaces based on studies by Boueri Filho (2008); (iii) analysis of accessibility conditions based on NBR 9050:2020 and Law No. 11,977, of July 7, 2009. The functional analysis showed that the living/dining room was the room that presented the most problems in relation to circulation motivated by the inadequate arrangement of furniture; and that, if the user of the housing unit carries out the construction of the third bedroom, the flexibility and functionality of the kitchen would only be fully met if the resident also expands it. The activity space analysis found that the adaptable housing units are not adequate. The most critical room, in relation to the parameters stipulated by Boueri Filho, was the living/dining room whose planned activity spaces do not meet the minimum level. The accessibility analysis found that a resident with mobility restrictions cannot have full access to the bathroom and the internal circulation hall of the housing unit, and that access to windows is compromised, especially in the master's bedroom. Therefore, it is considered that the functional and accessibility problems found in the residential unit of Residencial Santa Terezinha are due to non-compliance with the minimum specifications of design, construction, furniture, circulation and accessibility. And that simple measures, such as redistribution of furniture and small expansions would result in a more functional and accessible housing.