Participação de agentes infecciosos na incidência de asma em crianças

Abstract

Introduction: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways. Between 2010 and 2020, there were 1,185 deaths from asthma in the population aged up to 19 years. Considering children aged less than 14 years, the number of deaths corresponds to 943. Objectives: To verify whether there is a relationship between the incidence of childhood asthma and previous infections of the airways and to identify which viral and bacterial microorganisms are described in the literature as possible predisposing factors to the development and worsening of asthmatic disease in children. Methodology: The present study is an integrative review and started from the following guiding question: “What is the relationship of bacterial and viral microorganisms in the establishment and worsening of asthma in children?”. Results: The observed presence of syncytial virus (SVR) in children under 3 years of age is associated with a higher incidence rate of recurrent wheezing. In a sputum sample from asthmatic children with observed symptoms, 64% contained the presence of the virus, but only 6% presented exacerbation of the disease. Airway infections are a risk factor for disease worsening (aOR = 5.71). Conclusion: viral infections of the airways passed with the development and subsequent exacerbation of asthma in which the participation of some species of rhinovirus and the syncytial virus is noted.