Epidemiologia das internações por asma em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil

Abstract

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in childhood, being the 3rd most frequent cause of seeking urgent and emergency care and hospitalization in children. Despite recent advances in the management of pediatric asthma, unsatisfactory clinical outcomes persist. Taking into account the importance of this theme, this project aims to: Analyze the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations for Asthma in children and adolescents in Brazil. Data were obtained through DATASUS/TABNET from information in the Hospital Information System. Data were tabulated in Excel and descriptive statistics were performed. The hospitalization rate variables per 10,000 inhabitants were calculated using information from an estimate of the Brazilian population by region carried out by the IBGE. The majority of hospitalizations of children and adolescents with Asthma were male, brown, aged 1 to 4 years. Although hospitalizations have shown a downward trend in the last decade, there has been an increase in hospitalizations in the last three years. The rate of hospitalizations for asthma in the age groups under 15 years old decreased, with emphasis on the age group from 0 to 4 years old with the biggest drop in the period from 2012 to 2021. The Northeast and Southeast regions had the highest rates of hospitalizations and total amount invested. Differences in the average value per hospitalization still persist, being concentrated in the South-Southeast region. Many hospitalizations for asthma result in deaths, especially in the Northeast region. This study may provide a basis to guide additional epidemiological approaches and support policies for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complications resulting from Asthma, especially in this region. Thus, strategies to prevent hospital admissions for children and adolescents will minimize their impact on health and on the burden of resources.