Hidrolatos de casca de laranja pêra (Citrus sinensis) e cravo da índia (Syzygium aromaticum) como sanitizante do ar ambiente

Abstract

Cloves and pear oranges have antibacterial and antioxidant properties due to the presence of eugenol and limonene, respectively. Therefore, its essential oils are widely used in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, the essential oil from orange peel, which is a by-product of the juice industries, and the hydrosol, in turn, It is a byproduct of essential oil extraction, which has been growing on the market. However, there is a gap when it comes to the extraction process and yield of the hydrolate, in addition to its use as a sanitizer. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate whether there is an influence of time and peel/water concentration (ratio) on the yield of hydrolate and essential oil in the hydrodistillation of orange peel. Furthermore, it was evaluated whether the hydrolates from orange peel and cloves have sanitizing properties, reducing the microbial load in the ambient air. To evaluate performance, the central composite rotational design (DCCR) was used and to respond to the results, the response surface methodology (MSR) was used. To evaluate the sanitizing effect of hydrolates, three treatments were used: HL - orange hydrolate; HLC - Orange and clove hydrolate (1:1) and HC - clove hydrolate, in addition to a control (distilled water). Petri dishes containing PCA culture medium for mesophiles and aerobes and PDA for filamentous fungi were also used to assess whether there was a decrease in the microbial load in the environment. The MSR showed that there was no significant effect (p>0.05) of time and ratio on the yield of the essential oil, whereas for the hydrolate it was possible to observe that the yield increases when there is a low proportion of orange peel at a higher rate. time, since with a concentration of 100g/1000mL and a time of 2:45, approximately 12% yield was obtained. However, the greater the proportion of orange peel over a longer period of time, there is a reduction in yield. It was not possible to determine the sanitizing effect of the studied hydrolates, both for aerobic mesophiles and filamentous fungi, as the difference (p>0.05) before cleaning and after application of the products, as well as between treatments and control (water). Therefore, its use as an environmental sanitizer, in the quantity used, cannot be recommended, however new studies are necessary on this topic in order to elucidate possible gaps in this study in relation to possible sanitizing actions of the hydrosols researched.