Caracterização epidemiológica da Sífilis no estado de Sergipe

Abstract

Introduction: Syphilis is a contagious infectious disease, caused by Treponema pallidum, of compulsory notification. When untreated, or inadequately treated, maternal syphilis results in congenital syphilis. In 2021, the syphilis epidemiological bulletin pointed to an average growth of 17.6% in congenital syphilis rates in Brazil. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of reported cases of congenital syphilis in Sergipe. Materials and Method: Crosssectional and quantitative study, carried out with data arranged in DATASUS. The search for data was carried out in the Information System for Diseases and Notification, in the Information System for Live Births and in the Hospital Information System and included all available data recorded from 2006 to 2021. The search filters used were health region, sociodemographic data, clinical classification, clinical outcome, treatment of the sexual partner and data on hospitalization. Data were computed in Microsoft Excel® and analyzed in the statistical program Epi Info 6.0. In the statistical analysis, the association between prenatal care and sociodemographic variables was performed using the chi-square test and the prevalence ratio was calculated. Results: There were 4,175 cases of congenital syphilis and 5,139 cases of gestational syphilis reported. Sergipe reached the highest rate of congenital syphilis in 2020, with 17 cases per thousand live births, higher than the national average in the same year, which was 7.8/thousand. Most pregnant women who had babies with congenital syphilis had not finished elementary school, were brown and 80.3% of sexual partners did not undergo treatment. There was a significant relationship, with p < 0.001, between prenatal care and low education, non-treatment of the partner, abortion due to syphilis and the evolution of the baby to death. The fatality rate was 1.1 deaths per 100 cases of congenital syphilis. Hospitalizations for congenital syphilis were 2,779 during the study period. The hospitalization rate was 6.3 per thousand live births. Individual expenses with hospitalization for congenital syphilis had an average of R$ 1,216.16 per child. Conclusion: The disease caused by congenital syphilis persists as a challenge in the conjuncture of the public health service. The associated factors between prenatal care and the occurrence of congenital syphilis identified showed a scenario of gaps in prenatal care offered to pregnant women, with negative repercussions in the postgestational period, which resulted in high rates of the disease.