Uso do carbonato de lítio no tratamento do Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar

Abstract

Introduction: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a mental disorder characterized by extreme mood swings, which can range from manic episodes with euphoria, hyperactivity, and nervousness; to depressive episodes with sadness, discouragement, and suicidal thoughts, which may alternate with periods of normal mood. Lithium carbonate is considered the firstline drug in the treatment of BD, especially in its acute phase, as it minimizes relapses and suicidal thoughts. Objective: The objective of this research was to conduct an integrative review focusing on identifying the most recent literature on the use of lithium carbonate in the treatment of BD. Method: An integrative review was carried out with a time interval of 5 years (2020 to 2024), of articles in Portuguese and English. The SciELO, Virtual Health Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were accessed, with approximately 189 articles found. Result: Six articles were selected, where it was observed that BD is a serious disease, which can be accompanied by other mental disorders, such as depression. Lithium has proven, over the years, to be the best choice in the treatment and control of symptoms. There is a need for routine examinations and multidisciplinary monitoring for better safety and therapeutic care. Conclusion: This review contributed to identify what current scientific research reveals about the use of lithium carbonate in the treatment of BD, being the standard in the treatment of this pathology, as it is the mood stabilizer due to its comprehensive efficacy in all phases of BD, in addition to antidepressant properties.