Relação entre a técnica de preparo biologicamente orientado para próteses fixas e a saúde e estabilidade do tecido periodontal

Abstract

The biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT) is a technique for fixed partial prosthesis that is based on the shaping of the gingival sulcus through the contact of the diamond bur with the gingival tissue during dental preparation, along with the execution of a knife-edge finish-line in a subgingival position, establishing an intimate relationship with the subgingival tissues. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review to assess the influence of BOPT on periodontal tissue health and gingival margin stability, and to compare it with chamfer preparation. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted by selecting articles from the past 10 years through searches in the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo, and BVS, using the following descriptors: "biologically oriented preparation technique," "fixed partial dentures," "tooth preparation," "subgingival preparation," "periodontal stability," "restorative margin," and "marginal periodontal tissue." The results of the review indicated that BOPT is not compatible with periodontal health, showing higher levels of biofilm and bleeding on probing. Biofilm control is essential, as its presence is associated with gingival inflammation. The elevated levels of bleeding on probing suggest persistent inflammation, potentially escalating to periodontal disease. There was no variation in probing depth; however, the lack of long-term studies limits its assessment. BOPT showed less gingival recession compared to untreated teeth and promoted gingival margin thickening. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to understand whether these changes are due to reduced recession or inflammatory edema. The gingival conditioning capacity of BOPT still lacks substantial evidence. When comparing BOPT with chamfer preparation, both showed similar biofilm index and probing depth, although BOPT exhibited a higher bleeding on probing index. Due to the recent introduction of BOPT, more studies are required to verify the conclusions of this work, and methodological standardizations are suggested for future research.