Conflitos socioambientais envolvendo povos indígenas no nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

The general objective of this ongoing investigation is to analyze socio-environmental conflicts involving indigenous peoples in the Brazilian Northeast. During the process of preparing the research, we considered the particularity of the Brazilian socio-historical formation, marked by Portuguese colonization, whose objective was fundamentally the domination of indigenous peoples and the exploitation of environmental resources. Socio-environmental conflicts, as an expression of class struggles, are associated with territorial disputes and struggles faced by indigenous peoples in the Brazilian Northeast, which continue over time and space. This research is defined as qualitative of an exploratory nature, bibliographic and documentary. Based on the definition of documentary research, a survey of socio-environmental conflicts involving indigenous peoples and the mediations indicated by the objectives and hypothesis of the study were carried out. With regard to analysis, this investigation has historical-dialectical materialism as its reference frame due to the need to unveil the object of study, and the socio-environmental conflicts involving indigenous peoples in the Northeast, immersed in contradictions specific to the dynamics of social life. I consider socio-environmental conflicts as resulting from the historical conflict between the fundamental classes (workers and bourgeoisie) in capitalism, with political, economic and socio-cultural overlaps and their consequences. This is because the set of violence perpetrated by social and economic relations specific to the capitalist order in the countryside triggers multiple expressions of the “social issue”, such as forced displacement, expropriations, hunger, the absence of basic sanitation and adequate housing for the conditions health, among others, that reflect and impact the ways of being and living of the more than 300 indigenous ethnicities that inhabit Brazil. It is worth highlighting that the Brazilian political situation is very worrying for indigenous peoples and workers in general. The shift to the extreme right in the last lustrum, empowered by the State apparatus, dictates the path of super-exploitation of work, using all forms of prejudice, such as racism and misogyny which, incorporated into the capitalist dynamics, impose on workers an even more exceptional regime than that already achieved in previous periods. The hate speech against those who are different has implications for the materiality of the social life of sociological minorities.