Crianças e adolescentes vítimas de estupro : no município de Umbaúba no período de 2019 a 2023

Abstract

Sexual violence constitutes a violation of human rights, with any sexual act carried out without the consent of the individual/victim. It can manifest itself in different ways, such as rape, sexual exploitation and sexual harassment. The general objective of this course completion work was to analyze the records of rape against children and adolescents in Umbaúba from 2019 to 2023. Analyze the rape records, describe the types of sexual violence suffered by this population and outline the sociodemographic profile of the victims. It was carried out through a quantitativequalitative research, with analysis of data found in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN/SUS), in addition to a bibliographic review. Variables such as age, gender, race and socioeconomic background of the victims were examined, as well as the frequency and types of violence to which they are subjected. The critical dialectical methodology based on historical materialism was adopted for a comprehensive and contextualized understanding of the phenomenon. From data analysis we arrived at the results that physical violence was predominant with (52.7%), followed by sexual violence with (47.4%) of cases registered between 2019 and 2023. Among the types of sexual violence, rape was the most common form, representing (85%) of the cases, and sexual harassment accounted for (10%). In relation to the profile of the victims, girls represented (88.2%) of the incidents, while (64.7%) of the victims were aged between 10 and 14 years old, being the age group most vulnerable to sexual abuse. Furthermore, (88.2%) of the victims identified as mixed race reflect a pattern of greater vulnerability for this population, influenced by socioeconomic factors and social exclusion. The results also indicate that the domestic environment was the place where the most cases of sexual violence occurred (73.5%), showing that violence tends to occur in spaces that should provide safety for the victims. As for the profile of the aggressors, (66.7%) had family ties or proximity to the victim, and (80%) were adult men, demonstrating the vulnerability of children and adolescents towards the people they live with. The study demonstrated that, in addition to rape, other forms of abuse, such as sexual exploitation and harassment, significantly affect the physical and psychological development of children and adolescents, often with long-term consequences. The results showed high rates of sexual violence, revealing the need for effective public policies that promote the full protection of children and adolescents. The research aims to contribute to academia and to the formulation of preventive strategies to combat child and adolescent sexual violence. Another relevant point was the discussion about the limitations in care and support for these victims. It was observed that the protection system faces challenges, including a lack of resources, underreporting of cases and the lack of a support network that encompasses education, health and social assistance in an integrated manner. The study concluded that targeted public policies and social awareness are essential to prevent and combat sexual violence, promoting the well-being of children and adolescents in safe environments.