Análise de óbitos por causas evitáveis em crianças entre 1 E 4 anos de vida no Estado De Sergipe

Abstract

Infant mortality is one of the indicators of health conditions that is directly related to environmental, biological and social factors, which express the economic development and quality of life of a population. A list of preventable causes of death in Brazil has therefore been drawn up, divided into reducible/avoidable - adequate care for women during pregnancy, childbirth and the newborn, appropriate diagnosis and treatment actions, health promotion linked to care actions - and ill-defined causes. The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of mortality from preventable causes in children aged 1 to 4 years in the state of Sergipe between 2011 and 2021. To this end, a descriptive observational ecological study was carried out based on data from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) and the Mortality Information System (SIM), evaluating demographic profiles, epidemiological profiles and variables associated with the occurrence of avoidable deaths, such as ICD-10 chapters and categories related to deaths, categories of avoidable causes related to deaths, gender, place of residence (by health regions), race and place of death. As a result, the overall mortality coefficient for children aged 1 to 4 in Sergipe between 2011 and 2021 was approximately 6 deaths per 1,000 residents, and it was observed that these figures remained stationary. With regard to variations in these deaths, they were more prevalent among brown people, males and the Aracaju health region. Causes that were not clearly preventable were the most common, and among those that were reducible, there was a predominance of deaths that could have been prevented by health promotion actions, including accidental drowning and submersion, transportation accidents and intestinal infectious diseases. When broken down by chapter, the group that predominated was XX (external causes), followed by XVII (congenital malformations, deformities and chromosomal anomalies) and X (diseases of the respiratory system). Finally, it can be seen that deaths from preventable causes can be avoided through government action, public social and educational policies, access to health services, more efficient services and a reduction in social inequality.