Entre a inclusão e a exclusão: barreiras para a inserção de pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho brasileiro

Abstract

Although the existence of people with disabilities is as old as humanity itself, these individuals have historically faced continuous barriers to full social participation, a reality that still persists. Since the late twentieth century, the Brazilian State has implemented laws and public policies to promote equal opportunities in employment, education, health, and leisure. However, persistent inequalities reveal existing gaps in these efforts. This study aimed to analyze the evolution of labor market inclusion for people with disabilities in Brazil between 2019 and 2022. To achieve this, an exploratory and comparative analysis of available data was conducted, along with logistic regression models. Two main hypotheses were tested. The first, that employability improved over the period, was confirmed by a modest rise in the employment rate among people with disabilities, from 21.92 percent in 2019 to 23.20 percent in 2022. The second, that individuals with severe disabilities face greater barriers than the broader group, was also supported. Marginal effects showed a reduction of 24.74 percentage points in 2019 and 28.45 percentage points in 2022 for this subgroup, while the general group of people with disabilities experienced a relatively stable disadvantage of around 9.7 percentage points in both years. These findings reflect gradual progress but emphasize the persistence and even intensification of structural barriers, particularly for those with more severe disabilities.