A criação de um herói negro sergipano: a importância da representatividade no ambiente escolar

Abstract

This research study examines the memory surrounding the character João Mulungu, nurtured by some activists of the Black movement. The central question addressed in this study is: how can the construction of João Mulungu as a Black hero influence the formation of ethnic and social identities in the school environment? The objective is to identify whether the creation of a local symbol of resistance can become an integrating element in the construction and/or affirmation of identities within this space, since, according to Pollak (1989), memory has the power to define and strengthen feelings of belonging and social boundaries among communities. To this end, we initially use documentation from the 19th century to present the character João Mulungu. Next, I analyze how "the strongest element of resistance" in the province of Sergipe came to be celebrated as a Black hero, using oral history interviews, documents from the State Council of Culture of Sergipe, the Legislative Assembly of the State, and the Municipal Chambers of Laranjeiras and Aracaju. In the following section, the places of memory that Mulungu came to occupy are presented: music, literature, social movements, cultural manifestations, and public spaces. In the final section, In the final section, the importance of the Cultural Education Project “João Mulungu Vai das Escolas” is analyzed. It is important to highlight the relevance of this research, as it seeks to contribute to school discussions on Black protagonism and anti-racist education. By promoting representation, inspiring resilience, fostering respect for diversity, and challenging stereotypes, this hero becomes a tangible symbol for constructing a more inclusive and enriching school identity. As a result, students have the opportunity to share perspectives, understand different realities, and build bridges between their individual experiences. Finally, this study will be transformed into an educational booklet aimed at teachers of the final years of elementary education.