Náusea e vômito no pós-operatório: incidência e experiência do paciente no Hospital Universitário de Sergipe

Abstract

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the second most prevalent complaint in the postoperative period, affecting approximately ¼ of the patients. It can lead to complications and prolong hospital stays, increasing health care associated infections and costs associated with surgeries, while also reducing patient comfort during their stay in the institution¹˒². The study aims to define and evaluate the incidence, intensity, prophylaxis and presence of protective measures for PONV, as well as its particularities in the Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. An observational and descriptive study was conducted, following 107 patients in their first 24 hours after the surgical procedures from November 2022 to April of 2023. The incidence of 20,2% was found, a value consistent with the lower limits reported in the literature. Two patients (9,5%) experienced clinically significant PONV according the PONV intensity scale and 93% of the procedures included had at least one prophylactic antiemetic. The Apfel score is the most widely used tool for risk stratification and demonstrated significative predictive power in this paper. With each point it has increase in the score, the likelihood of PONV incidence increased by 3,58 times. Among the risk factors, a story of previous PONV or motion sickness showed the highest accuracy. The incidence found, although small compared to other studies, is still a significant value, which encourages further research on the topic at HU-UFS, aiming to fill gaps and increase the reliability of the results of this study, while potentially optimizing postoperative care.