Perfil imunofenotípico e correlação clínica na leucemia linfoblástica aguda da criança e adolescente

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is a cancer that is prevalent in children and adolescents. Immunophenotyping is a technique that assists in the classification and treatment adequacy of the different subtypes. When properly treated, the survival rate in children and adolescents is 80%. Objective: To evaluate the clinical impact of immunophenotypic variants on the prognosis of patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in pediatric cancer ward of a general hospital, reference to SUS in a state of the northeast region of Brazil. Methods: This study was performed in pediatric oncology at Hospital de Urgências de Sergipe, from September 2012 to August 2013. Were included 80 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with age at diagnosis between zero and 19 years old. Groups of favorable and unfavorable immunophenotype were compared, as well as groups of T and B immunophenotype. Results: Among the 80 patients, 62.50% were male, with a mean age of 9.53 years at diagnosis and 69.44% were classified as high. The T-cell immunophenotype was found in 16.67% of the patients and 71.43% had CD10 positive B-cell immunophenotype. An average of 0.4 episodes of infection was found in 31.25% of the patients. During the induction phase, 32.05% died and, during the whole treatment, 55.56% died. Conclusion: The results differ from the literature, showing higher age and a consequently greater proportion of patients classified as high risk. The high mortality may indicate deficiencies in the management of complications from the disease and chemotherapy.