Paisagem antropogênica na sub-bacia hidrográfica do Rio Riachão, Sergipe

Abstract

Comprehending how economic activities have impacted and continue to affect the configuration of the landscape is essential to promote more sustainable and balanced development. Consequently, it becomes pertinent to address the concept of anthropogenic landscape, which refers to areas where human influence is predominant and where economic and social activity significantly shapes the physical environment. Currently, there are methodologies that allow evaluating the state of the environmental system and supporting territorial planning, minimizing negative consequences. Therefore, the research on screen aims to analyze the environmental impacts caused by anthropogenic activities in the Riachão River Sub-basin (SBHRR), located in Eastern Sergipe, based on the geosystemic thinking proposed by Marques Neto (2023) and theoretical analysis - hemerobia method proposed by Rodriguez, Silva and Cavalcanti (2022). To this end, bibliographical research, cartographic material survey and fieldwork were carried out. It was noted in the landscape that the expansion of sugar cane is historically one of the main economic activities in the Riachão river sub-basin and, due to this historicity, the impacts of this monoculture on the landscape and the environment range from the degradation of soil, deforestation and loss of biodiversity. Linked to this, with the discovery of oil in the 1970s, the Riachão river sub-basin underwent a new wave of transformations, considerably altering the use of land and natural and ecological resources, pollution and contamination of water resources, in addition to socioeconomic impacts, including job creation and local economic development. All these types of land use and cover cause anthropogenic impact on the landscape (hemerobia) and, from the integration of these matrices, it was possible to calculate the level of anthropicity of the area subject to this study, which was considered a strong to very strong level. Given the state of the landscape units of the Riachão River Sub-basin, it is latent to reaffirm the importance of balancing economic development with environmental conservation, proposing strategies to mitigate the negative impacts identified.