Avaliação do perfil socioeconômico e da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM)

Abstract

Aims: Temporomandibular Dysfunction is a multifactorial pathology that affects and impairs the quality of life of those who have it. Objective: This project aims to evaluate the impact of the TMD on people's quality of life. Materials and methods: Sixty-four patients over 18 years of age, of both genders, complaining of orofacial pain and/or cracking were selected, attending the dental clinic of the Department of Dentistry and the Physiotherapy Clinic of the Physiotherapy Department, both departments present at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe, in the city of Aracaju/SE. The patients' quality of life was evaluated through the application of the RDC/DTM AXIS II questionnaires, culturally adapted to Brazil, and through the OIDP (Oral Impact of Daily Performances), also adapted culturally to Brazil. In the RDC/TMD AXIS II, the demographic aspects, the severity of TMD, the limitations that the dysfunction caused in routine activities of the jaws were evaluated. Results: Women (89%) were more affected by TMD than men. Regarding age, there was a prevalence of patients between 31-50 years. Regarding marital status, most patients were married living in the same household, or had never married. As for schooling, most of the patients had already completed high school, and some of them had taken a postgraduate course. 81% of the patients had an average income of up to two minimum wages. In the intraoral clinical examination, it was observed that 78% of the patients were edentulous, with the majority being partial posterior edentulous bilateral. Among the prostheses, the removable partial denture was the most used prosthesis. There was no significant correlation between orthodontic appliance use and TMD. The mean of the Oral Impact on Daily Performances (OIDP) in our studies was 59.92. Regarding the pathophysiological results of TMD (observed through RDC / TMD AXIS II), it was noted that: the majority of the interviewees considered both the condition of their overall health and their oral health to be reasonable. 94% of patients complained of pain, having an average duration of 5.8 years and being recurrent, high intensity, and low disability, as can be observed in the CPGC questions. 85% of the respondents complained of a crack when they opened their mouths. There was no significant relationship between tightening and bruxism with TMD. 64% of patients reported noises or ringing in their ears. 86% reported feeling uncomfortable bite and 90% reported having felt headache or migraine in the last six months. Chewing, especially when eating hard foods, was the routine activity most affected by TMD. Conclusion: Women are more affected than men, the majority being of productive age. Regarding marital status, there was a prevalence of married patients (with the partner living in the same household). With regard to schooling and income, there was a higher percentage of patients with full secondary education and income of up to two minimum wages, but this does not interfere in the quality of life. The pain presented by the patient is usually chronic, recurrent, of high intensity and low inability, affecting in their quality of life, mainly to chew hard foods. The presence of clicking, together with the difficulty of yawning, was also a change observed in this study. Among the pathophysiologies addressed in the research, headache and migraine were the most prevalent. Partial or total edentulism and the use of prostheses do not interfere in the quality of life of patients with TMD. Regarding the use of orthodontic appliance, it was observed that there is a reduction in the quality of life of the patients who had TMD and who had or had already used orthodontic appliance.