Tendências das internações por insuficiência cardíaca em Sergipe: Um estudo ecológico

Abstract

Heart Failure (HF) is a clinical condition characterized by the heart's inability to effectively pump blood throughout the body. The complications resulting from HF can manifest in various ways within the human body. Hospital admissions due to HF represent a significant percentage of hospitalization costs in healthcare, particularly with Hospital Admissions for Conditions Sensitive to Primary Care (HACSP). Objectives: This study aims to analyze the trend of hospital admissions due to HF in Sergipe from 2008 to 2023, focusing on its epidemiological and sociodemographic aspects, length of stay, and associated healthcare costs. Methods: An ecological study was conducted with a longitudinal and retrospective time-series analysis, based on data of reduced Hospital Admission Authorizations (HAA) due to HF from 2008 to 2023 in Sergipe, Brazil, linked to the profile of patients hospitalized for HF. Data collection was done via Tabnet (DATASUS) and population projections from IBGE. Statistical analysis was performed using PAST software with a 5% statistical significance level, Prais-Winsten regression for temporal variation, and descriptive and inferential analysis of the data. Results: Between 2008 and 2023, 15,340 HAAs for HF were recorded, with the peak in 2008 (1,411) and the lowest point in 2020 (682). The cost per HAA was R$ 1,726.25, totaling R$ 26,480,747.86. The person-year incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was 689 hospitalizations, with the highest rate in 2008 (68.6) and the lowest in 2020 (29.4). In terms of sociodemographic characteristics, most hospitalizations occurred in Aracaju, among patients over 60 years old, and predominantly male, with inadequate data on color/race. The Hospital de Cirurgia recorded the highest number of emergency admissions. The mortality rate during the period was 15.2% (2,332), with a peak in 2013 (1.14%) and the lowest point in 2020 (0.78%), without significant variation in incidence or mortality rate. However, there was a significant variation in the length of hospital stays (VPA = 1.62%). Conclusion: HF exhibited a high incidence and significant hospitalization costs in Sergipe, representing a challenge for the SUS regarding strategies for prevention and management of the condition. Strengthening primary care is essential to prevent adverse outcomes and improve patient care quality.