Epidemiologia de pacientes traumatizados submetidos a cirurgia abdominal em um hospital universitário entre 2021 e 2023

Abstract

Abdominal trauma is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing emergency surgeries, with sociodemographic and regional factors influencing its frequency. In Brazil, there is a lack of detailed epidemiological data on this population, which hinders the management and prevention of such cases. Based on this, the present study analyzed the epidemiological profile of trauma patients who underwent abdominal surgery at the University Hospital of Lagarto (HUL) between 2021 and 2023. This is a retrospective, descriptive, and quantitative study based on the analysis of 34 patients treated during the period. Data were collected from electronic medical records and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, employing statistical tests such as Pearson's Chi-Square, with a significance level of 5%. During the analyzed period, there was a predominance of male patients (85.29%), with no statistically significant association with mortality (p = 0.084). The patients’ mean age was 40.6 years, with most originating from the municipality of Lagarto (58.82%) and neighboring municipalities (41.18%), with no statistical relationship with clinical outcomes (p = 0.091). Most admissions occurred at night (61.76%), without an impact on the mortality rate (p = 0.578). Acute abdomen was the most frequent diagnosis (58.82%), followed by firearm-related trauma (14.7%). Thus, the findings of this study highlight the importance of epidemiological research for adequate health planning, emphasizing preventive strategies and improvements in clinical management.