Abordagem comparativas dos métodos de custeios atuariais individuais no cálculo das provisões matemáticas para pagamentos dos benefícios de aposentadorias

Abstract

The role of an actuary is essential in pension fund management, assessing the cost of benefits, designing plans, and monitoring their performance. Using actuarial costing methods, an actuary can project the mathematical provision to ensure the payment of benefits. This study aims to analyze the behavior of normal cost and mathematical provision in capitalized defined benefit plans in relation to retirement benefit payments, in the face of variations in actuarial assumptions, through individual actuarial costing methods defined in the Ordinance No. 1467/2022 of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security (Projected Unit Credit, Normal Retirement Age, and Individual Level Premium). Simulations were carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of the results of different costing methods to variations in retirement eligibility age, plan entry age, salary growth, and actuarial rate in calculating Normal Cost, Contribution Rate, and Actuarial Liability, in order to identify the most suitable costing methods to ensure the financial sustainability of the pension plan. Variations in actuarial assumptions had a significant impact on the results of actuarial costing. If the retirement age changes from 65 to 70, the normal cost and mathematical provision tend to be lower. If a participant's plan entry age changes from 20 to 30 years, the normal cost is higher each year, and the mathematical provision tends to be lower. Therefore, actuarial costing methods can present significant differences in the values obtained depending on the assumptions adopted.