Relações étnico-raciais e o ensino de História e Cultura Africana e Afro-Brasileira : o processo de formação em Serviço Social no ensino superior federal brasileiro

Abstract

This research seeks to understand the operationalization of the ethnic-racial issue in social work training. Thus, its general objective is to analyze how the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations and the Teaching of Afro-Brazilian and African History and Culture are operationalized in Brazilian social work training curricula, based on theoretical foundations, teaching plans, student profiles, and research groups. The specific objectives are: 1) To analyze, from the perspective of the Brazilian Black Movement, the importance of access to quality higher education and the struggle for affirmative action policies in education, both in their advances and in their challenges; 2) To understand the operationalization of content related to the ethnic-racial issue in social worker training, based on political-pedagogical projects of Brazilian federal university programs, by region, format of delivery, workload, and theoretical framework used; 3) To map the theoretical and methodological foundations of scientific production on social work and the ethnic-racial issue in the ABEPSS journal Temporalis, as well as the characteristics of its Thematic Research Groups, within a timeframe of 2012-2025. This research adopts the historical-dialectical materialist method, understanding that from the totality, it is possible to transcend appearances. This work is the result of exploratory research with a quantitative/qualitative approach and used as data collection techniques a survey of bibliographic research in articles, theses, and dissertations on the Black movement, education, and affirmative action policy. It also used documentary research, focusing on the PPCs/PPPs of Brazilian Federal Universities, the ABEPSS National and general Curricular Guidelines, the legislation and resolutions that establish the education of ethnic-racial relations, and the teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian history and culture. Overall, the results demonstrated that the Black Movement was the main articulator and responsible for demands for the rights of the Black community. It was also pointed out that the implementation of the Affirmative Action Policy is a historic struggle and has been a slow process, but it has moved in an important direction: the possibility of reparations. The GTP analysis, however, shows that the debate is embedded in its emphasis, but it gives greater prominence to the issue of gender. It was also noted that in the scientific production of Social Work, published in the journal Temporalis, the theoretical foundations used largely follow a Marxist approach, thus justifying the idea that everything is explained through class. The analysis focused on universities revealed that 35 of them offer the Social Work program, while 26 offer courses that direct the content to what is established in the National Curricular Guidelines and Resolution No. 1 of 2004, totaling 34 courses. It is noted that most disciplines adopt the Marxian approach as a theoretical foundation; however, it highlights the existence of tensions between the Marxian approach and the intersectional, decolonial and consubstantial approaches in an attempt to broaden understanding to other epistemologies in Social Work training in Brazil.