Leiomioma oral: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Soft tissue neoplasms are classified according to their histogenesis, and are diversified according to the tissue from which they originate. Oral leiomyoma is an extremely rare benign neoplastic lesion of non-specific etiology that affects structures in the oral cavity. There are indications that it originates from the exacerbated proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of blood vessel walls. The first case reported in the literature occurred in 1984, when a 33-year-old man presented with nodular edema at the base of his tongue and underwent total surgical resection of the lesion, with no recurrence reported. The aim of this paper is therefore to review the literature on this neoplastic condition, listing its etiology, epidemiology, clinical and histopathological aspects, as well as the therapeutic approaches that can be applied. Clinically, this disease manifests as a small, slow-growing, asymptomatic nodule (depending on the site of implantation), similar in color to healthy mucosa, mainly affecting the gums, tongue, palate and cheeks, as well as the mandible. Histologically, it shows diffuse spindle cells, small areas of calcification and dilated vascular spaces. As far as treatment is concerned, the gold standard procedure is surgical enucleation of the lesion, followed by patient follow-up.