Avaliação crítica dos materiais utilizados para correção da fenda alveolar: revisão de literatura

Abstract

The orofacial cleftsare considered the most prevalent craniofacial congenital malformations, characterized by disorders that occur during development. In the present study, the etiology of the disease was characterized by a multifactorial etiology, most often due to genetic factors associated with environmental factors, and its malformation compromised the aesthetics, function and psychological characteristics of the patients, requiring treatment with a multidisciplinary approach and surgical procedures for correction. Bone graft is a routine treatment in the treatment of individuals with alveolar fissure. Generally, it is performed until the end of the mixed dentition, when the permanent canine erupts. The objective of this work is to perform a critical review of the literature on the materials used to repair the alveolar cleft. A literature review was carried out through the use of the descriptors (Mesh and DeCS): Alveolar BoneGrafting; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Heterologous; Transplantation, Homologous. For this, we used the Boolean operator and, by means of the following combinations: Alveolar Bone Grafting and Transplantation, Autologous; Alveolar Bone Grafting and Transplantation, Heterologou; Alveolar Bone Grafting and Transplantation, Homologous, So, at the end of this research were chosenS 13 articles. In the literature there are reports of different success rates with different materials, so it is necessary to critically evaluate these studies in order to identify which materials are the most effective for the correction of the alveolar cleft, thus making the reconstructive surgeries more efficient. However, the reviewed literature is emphatic in agreeing that the autogenous graft technique is highly effective and none of the currently available methods can completely replace autogenous bone, but the use of new technologies such as: homogenous bone graft, associated heterogenous bone graft to growth factors have been reported to reduce donor site morbidity, and can be very useful in case of bone shortage, source or in complicated cases.