Melanoma de mucosa bucal: revisão de literatura e relato de um caso com caracterização imunohistoquímica

Abstract

The melanoma represents a malignant neoplasm with low prevalence in mouth, however, oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) presents a clinical behavior more aggressive than cutaneous melanoma, exhibiting a vertical growing phase affecting quickly the submucosa. The most tumors of OMM are identified in advanced stage, with no detection in the superficial (radial) growing phase. It results from a delayed in the diagnosis at initial stages. In rare circumstances, the diagnosis of OMM is based on the observation of a small pre-existing primary pigmented lesion, of unknown etiology, observed by the dentist and submitted to biopsy as a routine management. The knowledge about the clinical features and differential diagnoses of OMM is important for it early detection, previously to metastasis occurrence, allowing less mutilating surgeries, with a long overall survival and a better prognostic to patient. The present work aims to review and to describe the clinical, epidemiological, histopathological, imunohistochemicals and molecular characteristics of OMM, as well as to illustrate a clinical case of OMM with late diagnosis. The review of the literature is carried out through lecture of indexed articles in Pubmed/Medline, Scielo and Academic Google, as well as in text-books of oral pathology. The clinical case is presented in a case-report format, based on the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of the lesion.