Quando a escola "machuca": uma análise sobre a relação entre preconceito, bullying e autoestima

Abstract

Bullying and prejudice are phenomena, understood by the scientific literature, that cause destructive impacts on cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects of students, families and school collaborators. According to the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP), school bullying in Brazil is above the international average, demonstrating the complex and growing occurrence of these episodes. Within interpersonal relationships, the targets of these aggressions are more likely to suffer losses in self-esteem, which is a variable that influences school performance and mental health. It is important to understand how these variables are associated and how they affect the student's life. Thus, this dissertation aimed to investigate the relationship between bullying, prejudice and self-esteem, in students of public schools. To achieve this, three chapters were presented in the form of articles. In Chapter 1, a theoretical non-systematic narrative review of the concepts, relationships and distinctions between prejudice, bullying and selfesteem was elaborated, and the gaps between the variables were discussed. From them, Chapter 2 was developed, an integrative review, which described the influence of selfesteem on the behaviors of authors and targets of bullying. Altogether, 11 articles published between January 2008 and December 2018 were retrieved, which involved three main themes that positively or negatively interfere with the students' development: Gender perspective; School, family and community participation; and Student Mental Health. The results demonstrated the importance of conducting a local study, due to the serious consequences of bullying. Chapter 3 was carried out with the focus of investigating the occurrence of bullying and its relationship with prejudice and self-esteem, and 284 students from public schools in Grande Aracaju / SE participated. In general, the results obtained from the dissertation made it possible to broaden the discussion between bullying, prejudice and self-esteem, in addition to the importance of understanding the veracity of the risks to the students' lives and served as support for future research that encompasses these themes.