Uma análise temporal do número de casos e de óbitos por tuberculose em Sergipe entre 2015 e 2024

Abstract

Introduction: In 1993, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared tuberculosis a global health emergency. Studies reveal that one-quarter of the world's population is affected by latent infection, which typically progresses to active disease when exposed to unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. The Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) plays a central role in managing the disease by coordinating patient care, which is crucial for breaking the chain of transmission and reducing mortality. Objective: Evaluate the number of new cases and deaths from tuberculosis in Sergipe between 2015 and 2024. Methods: An ecological, observational, longitudinal, and quantitative study was conducted, structured as a time series, based on tuberculosis case notification records. The data used will be from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), managed by the Ministério da Saúde and made available online by the Departamento de Informação e Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Results: During the period, nearly 1 million new cases and 37.5 thousand deaths were registered, corroborating the public health concern found in the literature. The Northeast region was responsible for about 25% of notifications and nearly 30% of deaths, reflecting regional inequalities. In Sergipe, the trend differs from the Northeast and national scenarios for both indicators. Conclusion: The data highlight distant realities, where Brazil and the Northeast are moving towards a worsening of tuberculosis, while Sergipe maintains stability and lower mortality rates, which may be associated with more effective epidemiological surveillance strategies, adherence to supervised treatment, and the quality of primary care.