Morbimortalidade, desfechos hospitalares e impacto econômico do tromboembolismo venoso no Brasil: uma análise de tendência temporal (2000-2024)

Abstract

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a multifactorial thrombotic vascular disease resulting from the formation of thrombi or clots in the venous system, encompassing two conditions within the same disease spectrum and sharing the same risk factors: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the intra-hospital setting, often associated with complications. Objectives: To analyze the temporal trend of morbidity and mortality, hospital outcomes, and the economic impact of hospitalizations for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Brazil from 2000 to 2024, based on data from the Unified Health System (SUS). Methodology: This is an ecological study of time series (2000-2024), descriptive, observational, with a quantitative approach and multivariate analysis, utilizing temporal and spatio-temporal analysis techniques, with the 27 Brazilian federative units as units of analysis. Results and Discussion of the data: Hospitalization and mortality rates for venous thromboembolism showed consistent growth in Brazil, indicating sustained increases in morbidity and mortality. Regarding hospital outcomes, stabilization or slight reduction in the average length of stay was observed, but with an increase in total days of hospitalization and a biphasic pattern of lethality, which begins to rise again from 2016. There was continuous growth in the total real cost of hospitalizations, driven mainly by the increase in the number of cases, while the average cost per hospitalization remained stable or in slight decline. These findings highlight regional heterogeneity, a markedly aged patient profile, and confirm that the increase in disease burden and costs is largely explained by the higher frequency of hospitalized cases, revealing intensification of regional inequalities in disease burden and economic impact. The results obtained reinforce the centrality of VTE as a condition of significant clinical severity and with growing impact on the hospital services of the Unified Health System (SUS). Conclusion: VTE represents a growing challenge for the SUS, with a disproportionate burden in less developed regions, demanding regionalized policies that combine prevention, early diagnosis, and efficient resource allocation. Therefore, the findings point to clear paths for future research and the implementation of more effective prevention and clinical management strategies.