Atuação do Centro Especializado em Reabilitação no cuidado à saúde da pessoa com deficiência na região Centro Sul de Sergipe

Abstract

Background: Approximately 16% of the global population has some form of disability. In Brazil, around 18.6 million Brazilians (8.9%) are classified as having disabilities, with Sergipe being the state with the highest prevalence of Persons with Disabilities (PWD) (12.1%). The Specialized Rehabilitation Center (CER) provides multidisciplinary care for PWD, promoting habilitation, rehabilitation, and social inclusion. It plays an essential role in healthcare assistance, providing assistive technology (AT), and supporting autonomy, aiming to improve quality of life and social participation. The central-southern region of Sergipe has one CER located in the municipality of Lagarto. This center provides rehabilitation services for the regional population, including physical, auditory, and intellectual disabilities. Objectives: to present public health policies aimed at PWD; to identify the services available in the city of Lagarto, Sergipe; and to present the profile of persons receiving halthcare at SRC. Methodological path: This is an exploratory documentary study on public health policies for PWD and the services offered in the center-southern region of Sergipe. This dissertation is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1, “Persons with Disabilities in Perspective: from the Global Context to the Local Scenario (Brazil, Sergipe, and Lagarto),”. This chapter examines disability on a global and local scale, contrasting the biomedical and social models and emphasizing the importance of reliable data for formulating inclusive policies. It highlights the Lagarto (SE) scenario, where inconsistencies in disability records and a lack of training for Community Health Agents (ACS) hinder an accurate understanding of the number of PWD in the city. Chapter 2, “From the Monarchy to the Present Day: The Formation of Health Policies for Persons with Disabilities in Brazil”. This chapter traces the historical evolution of health policies for PWD in Brazil from the monarchy to 2023, highlighting normative advances, especially after the 1988 Constitution. It underscores that despite strengthening the biopsychosocial model and aligning with global goals, significant challenges persist in the practical implementation of the rights achieved. Chapter 3, “Analysis of the Specialized Rehabilitation Center located in the Central-Southern Region of Sergipe”. This chapter discusses the performance of the SRC in Lagarto City, its role, achievements, and challenges in providing comprehensive healthcare for PWD in the region. Key findings and considerations: this dissertation highlights the necessity of an inclusive approach to PWD healthcare, considering Brazil’s regional specificities and legislative advancements. The documentary analysis revealed important legal milestones and exposed practical gaps hindering guaranteed rights implementation. In Lagarto City, the CER III ensures comprehensive and humanized healthcare. However, challenges such as record inconsistencies, resources shortages, and the lack of continuous professional training limit service coverage and quality. This study reinforces the importance of accessible and inclusive public policies aligned with the Unified Health System (SUS) principles and global goals. It advocates for training initiatives, structuring healthcare networks, and active community participation in developing strategies that promote dignity and autonomy of PWD.