Análise da abordagem da educação sexual em livros didáticos de ciências da natureza do ensino médio das escolas estaduais do estado de Sergipe

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis aimed to analyze the approaches to sex education in Biology textbooks approved by the National Textbook Program (PNLD) 2026, used in high schools of the state public network of Sergipe, considering their adequacy to curricular guidelines and their potential contribution to students' critical development. The methodology employed was documentary research, using Bardin's content analysis, applied to three Biology textbooks most requested in PNLD 2026: "Identidade Saraiva" (Saraiva Publisher), "Moderna Plus" (Moderna Ltda Publisher), and "360° Biologia" (FTD S.A. Publisher). Analysis categories were established, including thematic presence and density, conceptual approach, language and visual representations, curricular alignment, and pedagogical devices. The results revealed significant heterogeneity in the approaches: while "Identidade Saraiva" and "Moderna Plus" presented a predominantly biologizing and restricted perspective, focusing on reproductive anatomy and physiology and neglecting social, cultural, gender, and rights aspects, the "360° Biologia" textbook demonstrated a more integral and comprehensive approach. The latter articulated biological and sociocultural dimensions of sexuality, including themes such as affectivity, consent, sexual orientation, and violence against women, and promoted activities that stimulate critical reflection. It is concluded that, although the PNLD establishes criteria for the selection of didactic materials aligned with curricular guidelines and principles of respect for diversity, the effective transposition of these principles into the content of the textbooks remains a challenge. The research highlights the need for continuous review and improvement in how sex education is presented in didactic materials, aiming at a more critical, inclusive, and contextualized education for students.