Conhecimento sobre a prevenção das ISTs/AIDS e gravidez, nos adolescentes de uma escola pública do estado de Sergipe

Abstract

Objectives: General: To analyze adolescents' knowledge and practices on IST / AIDS prevention and pregnancy. Specific: To analyze the knowledge of adolescents about the possible negative effects of practicing sexual activity in an unprotected way. ? To analyze the knowledge of adolescents about the possible effects of an early pregnancy. To describe adolescents' knowledge about risk factors predisposing to STIs /AIDS. Methods: The research was outlined in the form of a comparative study, carried out in a public school in the municipality of Aracaju-Sergipe. The chosen population was formed by students regularly enrolled in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades of high school, of the afternoon shift. The cut age group of adolescents interviewed was between 12 and 19 years old. After contact and authorization of the school's management, the data were collected through a standardized and validated, self-responsive questionnaire, composed of closed questions. The inclusion criteria were: to accept to participate voluntarily of the research, to be between 12 and 19 years old and to be duly enrolled in the afternoon period in the mentioned series. And as exclusion criteria: cognition deficit, not present on the day the questionnaire was applied. Results: A total of 156 questionnaires were applied among students aged 12 to 19 years. The students comprised 51.3% female and 48.7% male students. Regarding sexual life, 57.7% reported active sexual life. The use of contraceptive method in the first intercourse was reported in 66.7%. About condom use 43.3% said they always make use of it. and 10% said they did not use it. Regarding knowledge about contraceptive methods they knew how to use, 44 46.3% said they knew how to use a male condom. The main source of information on contraceptive methods was school, with 31.3% and family with 26.9%. 90.4% of the students said they should use a condom in all sexual relations. Regarding the prevention of ISTs, 96.8% answered that the condom should be used from the beginning of sexual intercourse. Regarding the transmission of STIs in the practice of oral and anal sex, 87.8% stated that it is possible to contract and 84.6% stated that the treatment of an IST does not make them immune to HIV. Conclusion: In the research there was a modest improvement in the knowledge of adolescents about the prevention of STI / AIDS and pregnancy, if we compare, for example, the research conducted by DANTAS (2016) and COSTA (2017). It shows that most adolescents in this school have adequate knowledge, but misconceptions still exist and need to be worked on. It also allows for a view which shows that the onset of an early sexual life is harmful to adolescents and often does not identify factors that expose them to STI / AIDS and pregnancy vulnerability. The majority of adolescents with active sex life were between 17-19 years of age, were in the second year of high school, were male and began their sex life in the range of 14-16 years, showing that considering the boys began to sex life. Corroborating with the literature and statistical data from MS and WHO, condom use is the safest way to prevent STI / AIDS and pregnancy