Reatividade cutânea a antígenos e avaliação da síndrome látex-fruta em estudantes da área da saúde

Abstract

Banana, kiwi and avocado are fruits that have antigens in their case, on the other hand can initiate a latex-fruit syndrome. It is a type of allergy mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) that can cause cutaneous, gastrointestinal and respiratory manifestations that diversify according to the time of exposure and a presence of hereditary factors. Affects, principally, people who work in the health area in contact with latex materials. The diagnosis of latex-fruit syndrome is based on the evaluation of clinical manifestations and the puncture skin test. A basis for the treatment of latex-fruit syndrome is essentially nutritional with the view to prevent the triggering and progression of the disease. Regarding the importance of the thematic in the field of prevention and control of nutritional disorders, the present study aims to analyze the IgE-mediated hypersensitivity related to latex-fruit syndrome in health students. A descriptive, cross-sectional, and reserach of survey was conducted between 2017 and january 2018. For convenience sampling, 104 students from the nursing, medical and dentistry courses were selected that respond to references to sociodemographic conditions, history of signs and symptoms and language of the puncture test. Data were evaluated by means of univariate descriptive statistics. It was observed that the prevalence of students' sensitization to the fruits studied was equal to 1,9% for banana and kiwi. However, it was not discontinued from avocado antigens. Concerning for the profile of contact with latex during educational practices, 47.1% reported having contact with latex between 2 and 4 years, and between 2 and 3 days / weeks. The most frequent manifestations of latex gloves were pruritus (7.7%) and desquamation (6.7%). The symptoms / signs for fruits and legumes were heartburn (3.8%) and pruritus (2.9%). As for the personal and family history of allergy, there was a higher prevalence of rhinitis / asthma. And a smaller portion related to feeding and feeding anaphylaxis. This research confirms a possibility of development of latex health syndrome in health students. Therefore, it is essential to carry out longitudinal studies to evaluate a magnitude of the problem.