Estudo arqueométrico de cerâmicas dos sítios Conjunto Vilas e São João, AM

Abstract

In this work, using archaeometric analyses, we investigate the mineralogical composition of the ceramic fragments of the Archaeological sites of Conjunto Villas and São João, located in the macro-region of Middle Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Archaeometric studies are fundamental for the classification and characterization of ceramics, providing relevant data about the production, function and social meaning of these materials. The ceramic compounds were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DTA/ TG) and scanning electron microscopy (MEV) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). With these techniques the presence of cauixi and caraipé antiplastics, elemental composition of Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti and Fe oxides and some minor elements were identified. The crystalline phases identified were: quartz, hematite, kaolinite, anatase, dolomite and illite-muscovite, with kaolinite being more frequently found in sediment spectra impregnated in ceramics. The results obtained in this work may contribute to the scientific community by adding information about the analyzed artifacts, allowing a better understanding of the ancient civilizations that belonged to the Amazon region.