A loucura na cidade : 30 anos da Reforma Psiquiátrica e 17 anos da lei antimanicomial no Brasil

Abstract

This study aimed to discuss the current moment of the process that is known as the Psychiatric Reform. Beyond a process in development and a change of practices and new theorizations, what is interested here is the impasses that have been occurring in everyday life. With the question: What is the relationship between the city and the madness (and vice versa), after 17 years of the law that restructures mental health care with community services ?, the research material was collected at the road integration terminal of the Industrial District of Aracaju (DIA), generating other questions and materials to be researched. The investigation was directed to become aware of the relationships in the terminal and urban historical figures such as the Velha do shopping, the doida do DIA and Sindulfo, through their experiences with and in the city of Aracaju, at the same time as Lima Barreto began to be a historical reference of such a relationship, being conceived as a mad writer of a diary in a hospice in the early days of brazilian psychiatric care. Thus, a search was made for the historical context of the relationship madness in the brazilian city, highlighting the importance of the knowledge of history for the understanding of the current impasses, both related to context and personal histories. In that sense, it was considered the difficulty of obtaining data about the relation madness in the city, evaluating that, in this way, the materials of the research would be fragments, that were being reunited with the development and writing of this investigation, raising in the involvement of three methodologies: ethnography, psychoanalysis and the essay form. Freud's (1937) text, Constructions under analysis, grounded a construction in research that revealed a perpetuation of unworthy conditions in dealing with madness, even in a Reform process (if this is only considered in its new form, with the deletion of the past and of the stories that represent their relationships), and the general context of a repetition. On the other hand, the city in its diversity of places, knowledge and practices, with its urban histories and personages, presents a possibility of the mad construct its way in the world, being the city, as pointed out by João do Rio brought by Cunha (1990) the center of madness; adding here that madness makes up the city.