A variação na realização de /t/ e /d/ na comunidade de práticas da UFS: mobilidade e integração

Abstract

The dynamics promoted by the expansion of higher education in Brazil due to public policies implemented, which modified the way of entry, made it possible for students from different social strata and different dialectal varieties to enter an undergraduate course. In this study, we observed the variation between occlusive versus palatal realization of the consonants / t / and / d / in a regressive environment in the speech of students from the practice community of the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS). More advanced or almost implanted in other regions, the variation in the realization of / t / and / d / is an incipient phenomenon that has been gaining space in the Sergipe speech community. In this paper, we will focus on the evolution of the capital to the interior, neutrality in relation to the occlusive variant, and valuation (FREITAG, SANTOS 2016, CORRÊA, RIBEIRO, 2018) positive for the palatal variant. In order to identify the direction and the force of linguistic change, assuming as theoretical basis the Theory of Variation and Linguistic Change (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006 [1968]; LABOV, 2008 [1972]; 1994; 2001) aims to describe the variation in the usage of / t / and / d / in a sample constituted in the UFS community of practices, considering the effects of student displacement and course time and their integration. As a method, we performed the sociolinguistic documentation of the community with the recording of 64 interviews with UFS students, stratified as to their displacements: (i) Aracaju residents (born and raised); (ii) residents of the interior (born and raised) of the state who move in the pendular movement to the University; (iii) born and raised in the interior, but who came to live in the capital because of the University; (iv) born and raised in other states, but who came to live in Aracaju because of UFS, sex / gender, and course time (beginning and end). By means of the social card, we establish the individual parameters of each student regarding the integration (mobility, area of the course, period, vulnerability, where lunch, occupation, with whom he lives and academic insertion). We selected 200 contexts of occurrence of the phenomenon (100 from the beginning and 100 from the end of the interview), totaling 12,800 data, compared to internal and external factors. The occlusive realization is equivalent to 73% of the total, being the most frequent in the UFS practice community. Palatal realization, an innovative variant in the community, is associated with voicing, in a non-final postonic position, followed by glide, in the anterior context of alveolar fricatives [s, z], following the same pattern of conditioning found in other studies on the phenomenon, in other regions of Brazil. As for the external factors, the palatal variant is more recurrent in the speech of students at the end of the course, of male gender. In the cross-tabulation between sex / gender and time, although men and women increased the frequency of use of the palatal variant at the end of the course, the increase was higher in women's speech. As for the geographic factor, the palatal variant occurred more frequently in the IV displacement, constituted by students who come from other states; in the cross tabulation between displacement and stroke time, there is an increase of the palatal variant in displacements I, II and IV at the end of the course. These results point to the effect of the community in dynamising change. The longer insertion time within a community of practices allows the speaker to present greater engagement and greater chances of participating in communicative events, which is reflected, in this study, in increasing the frequency of use of the palatal variant.