Competências profissionais na indústria 4.0 : uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Technological advances, supported by the high-speed Internet, extensive use of sensors, artificial intelligence, equipment connectivity (Internet of Things) and the use of remote servers to store large volumes of data enabled the emergence of intelligent factories capable of producing with high quality products increasingly customized and with reduced costs. In the coming years, such technologies will dominate all professional segments, modifying existing business models and promoting economic and social changes. Few companies are prepared for the challenges brought by the adoption of these new technologies, nor the professionals who will act in this new reality. In this sense, this paper aims to map the main skills (knowledge, skills and attitudes) demanded to the business administrator in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). In addition, this study sought to identify the teaching methodologies associated to the learning of these professional competences in addition to comparing them with the competencies listed in the National Curricular Guidelines (DCNs) of the Administration courses in Brazil (BRASIL, 2005). For that, a descriptive and exploratory research with a qualitative approach was carried out, based on documentary analysis and bibliographical research (Systematic Review of Literature). The CAPES journals portal was used as a database and a series of steps outlined in the Systematic Review Protocol (terms, combinations, inclusion and exclusion criteria, systematic classification of articles). Included in this study were 10 articles on the subject, which allowed the survey of 27 professional skills required in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Comparative analysis revealed that NCDs encompass most of the social, personal, and professional competencies required by Industry 4.0. On the other hand, the gaps in the training process of these professionals consist mainly of the low supply of professional knowledge about new technologies, programming language and security in information technology. It is concluded that in spite of the satisfactory alignment between the competences demanded by the DCNs and the Industry 4.0, it is necessary that the competences in the DCNs are described in a more objective way, minimizing the variability among the different professional profiles of the administrators that are formed in the Teaching Institutions Brazilian Superiors.