Diagnóstico precoce da síndrome de Gardner: a importância da anamnese odontológica

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Gardner's syndrome (SG) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by familial colorectal polyposis. In addition, anomalies such as multiple epidermoid cysts, osteomas, dental alterations and congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium may be present. Early diagnosis is paramount as colorectal polyps have great potential for malignancy. PURPOSE: The present study reports on a case of GS diagnosed after a routine dental visit. REPORT: A 23-yearold female visited the Dental School of the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS) at Lagarto. Clinical examination showed hard nodular lesions in her mandible, and radiographic examination revealed circumscribed radiopaque images suggestive of multiple osteomas of the jaws. The patient reported a familial history of colorectal cancer, as well as history of removal of an epidermoid cyst in her leg 5 years previously. The patient was promptly referred to the Coloproctology Department, UFS University Hospital at Aracaju, and colonic polyposis was confirmed after colonoscopy. The histopathological report confirmed the adenomas, fortunately without signs of malignancy. CONCLUSION: Thorough anamnesis and a careful physical examination are fundamental for the diagnosis of this syndrome and, consequently, for the prevention of intestinal cancer.