Transformações culturais na Amazônia durante o holoceno médio: contextualização do surgimento das terras pretas a partir da indústria lítica do Sítio Garbin (RO)

Abstract

Current research in Archeology and related areas in the Amazon has highlighted the role of dark earth sites as indicators of a social transformation that took place in the middle Holocene: the emergence of demographically dense occupations and the intensity of these occupations over long periods in the archaeological record, as well as their relationship with agriculture and / or the domestication of plants. However, little research has been carried out on the lithic material of these sites. In this way we propose to work on the archeological site Garbin (RO), which presents the dark earth with the oldest recorded date, 7740 AP, thus marking the beginning of this social transformation among the Amazonian populations. This research took place from the analysis of the transformation of the lithic traces observed on the site, which allowed us to identify the lithic raw materials, the methods and techniques used to work it, their distribution and concentration in space and time within the site. Based on this, it was possible to infer that the marker, among the lithic industries, of this behavioral change is in the replacement of the use of lithic material in activities of cutting, scraping, drilling, etc., by activities related to the extraction of mineral pigment from rocks lateritic and the possible manufacture of adornments in mafic igneous rocks.