Raiz comum de expressões da "questão social" presentes em escolas públicas brasileiras

Abstract

The exploitation of labor is the fundamental basis on which all the development of wealth in capitalist society is structured. "To produce added value is the absolute law of this mode of production" (MARX, 1994, p. 719). The composition of capital and the changes made in the accumulation process are the basis for understanding the working and living conditions of the working class. In the study of the General Law of Capitalist Accumulation, changes in the organic composition of capital with the constant increase of capital to the detriment of variable capital (labor force) are shown, in the accumulation process, as decisive factors. These changes are made in the process in which part of the wealth produced by unpaid work is reinvested in technology in order to improve the productive forces, seeking a greater volume of goods produced in a shorter time of necessary labor. The results of this logic pursued by the "General Law" can be seen in the formation of a Relative Overpopulation, in which workers are unemployed and immersed in pauperism. In Brazil, given the particularities of Brazilian social formation, this "law" operates intertwined with the determinations of structural racism disseminated in social relations. For this reason, the Brazilian Relative Overpopulation is mainly composed of black workers, and they are also the most affected by absolute poverty, with profound implications for housing conditions and the capacity for food consumption. In view of these determinations, the present study, of a bibliographic type, of a qualitative nature, carried out from secondary data, aimed to discuss the common root of expressions of the “social issue” present in Brazilian public schools. The results of the research revealed that children and adolescents, mainly blacks and peripheral residents, in view of the material conditions to which they are subjected, are quantitatively the most affected in relation to low school performance, failure, dropout, dropout and violence. The research also reveals that, within the scope of the causality system, the determinations of these expressions of the “social issue” present in Brazilian public schools are directly related to poverty - fundamental mediation to understand why most children and adolescents are directed to work childish. The need to work to contribute to the livelihood of the family makes children and adolescents an easy target to be captured by work in drug trafficking. Due to the financial advantages that this type of work presents in face of the reality of poverty, many of them hardly hesitate. These determinations, mediated by poverty, lead them to represent, in greater numbers, the statistics of authorship of infractions, the victims of homicides and the Brazilian prison population. Therefore, these expressions of the “social issue” present in public schools maintain an inseparable relationship from the exploitation of structured labor by racism in Brasil.