Uma discussão teórica sobre desenvolvimento, desenvolvimentismo, perspectivas críticas e alternativas sistêmicas

Abstract

This work paper, through a systematic bibliographic review, aimed to: i) review the conceptual examination on Development and Developmentalism for the purpose of mapping the ideology of development beyond developmentalism stricto sensu; ii) examine some critical perspectives and systemic alternatives that are intended to be radical criticisms to the capitalist society model. We take as object of analysis the concept of economic development, developmentalism and six “systemic alternatives” that oppose the others, namely: i) Rights of Mother Earth; ii) Buen Vivir; iii) Growth; iv) Post-Extractivism; v) Commons; and vi) Eco feminism. We found that i) The ideology of development is broader in comparison to what we commonly understand as Developmentalism; ii) Economic Development acts as a global imperative imposed by the great powers on the periphery countries; ii) Economic Development should not be considered a way of overcoming “underdevelopment” neither imperialism, since it reflects the expansion of capitalist production, distribution and consumption model and deepens conditions of dependency, poverty and misery; iii) the developmental policies implemented so far have led to the systemic crisis and collapse that we are experiencing; iv) to overcome this situation, it is necessary to decolonize the imaginary and the recognition and recovery of ancestral knowledge and their respective worldviews; v) systemic alternatives must be taken in their multiplicity and as complementary factors in order to make it possible to overcome the crisis and economic development, facets of the same cause: the accumulation of capital. Relevance of studies on Economic Development, developmentalism and systemic alternatives are increasingly, given the centrality of the guidelines on Economic Development in the articulations of political models of States both at the international and national levels. Furthermore, it is evident, considering the circumstances of the current scenario of the crisis of capitalism and world collapse, a greater analysis of forms of life outside the capitalist structure.

Este plano de trabalho, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, teve por objetivos, i) apresentar um exame conceitual sobre o Desenvolvimento e Desenvolvimentismo com o intuito de mapear a ideologia do desenvolvimento para além do desenvolvimentismo em sentido restrito; ii) examinar algumas perspectivas críticas e alternativas sistêmicas que se pretendem críticas radicais ao modelo de sociedade capitalista. Tomamos por objeto o conceito de Desenvolvimento Econômico, Desenvolvimentismo e seis “alternativas sistêmicas” que se opõem ao mesmo, quais