Alterações biopsicossociais e funcionais de pacientes com pé diabético

Abstract

Introduction. Diabetes Mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin action and secretion. Diabetic foot is one of the most devastating complications, and the main cause of hospitalization is 85% of non-traumatic amputations, affecting up to two patients every minute in the world. Few studies have explored the biopsychosocial aspects of patients with diabetic foot. Aim of the study. To evaluate the biopsychosocial alterations and level of functionality of the patients, to establish the prevalence of depression and anxiety and to identify possible risk factors. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted by applying four research instruments (sociodemographic, HADS, Kats and WHOQOL-Bref) to patients admitted to a philanthropic tertiary hospital in Aracaju-SE. These data were collected from patients treated at the service over a period of 18 months. Continuous variables with normal distribution were expressed as mean and standard deviation, while associations were performed using the Chi square test. Results. Of the 864 patients surveyed, 200 met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 67 years, with a prevalence of 29% depression and 23% anxiety. About 31% of the individuals studied had Katz classification A (functional independence). The overall quality of life determined by WHOQOL-Bref was 51.1, whose physical domain inserted to the psychosocial aspect presented a lower average, equal to 32. This finding may be associated with low functional independence found in 31% of patients. Conclusion. The lower quality of life and high prevalence of anxiety and depression can be seen in patients with diabetic foot and functional restriction and worse psychosocial status of those patients who must have effective multidisciplinary follow-up.