Os editoriais e a eleição presidencial de 2018 no Brasil

Abstract

The 2018 elections in Brazil were marked by a process of rupture between the political substance, in its deepest and even desirable sense for a democratic society, and the forms of communication used to represent the proposals of the candidates to the voters of all country, since the elections were determined by a massive participation of virtual reality, including the circulation of images, messages and, therefore, ideas, which boosted not only the real news, but also the so-called Fake News, as a repertoire considerable weight to understand the electoral process itself and how much this presence ended up deconstructing the very meaning of “democracy”. For all these reasons, the 2018 presidential election in Brazil, as a political-historical event, can be analyzed from different angles and / or perspectives from the The dissertation chose to investigate it having as object the editorials of the newspapers Folha de São Paulo and O Globo, analyzing themes that orbited in them and that, influencing other media, that create content from them, end up acting in the electoral universe, collaborating for the presence of what Laclau (2013) calls “empty signifiers” in the election. From this point, the main questions were defined: What were the demands used for the construction of signifiers ?; How to identify in the editorials the formation of the meanings of the logic of difference and equivalence (LACLAU, 2018) ?; and what is the role of negative advertising in the construction of the voters' identity (OLIVEIRA, 2019)? The main objective of the research was, from the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the selected editorials, to create interpretative frameworks of the collected data, which would reveal the agencies and the valences, from the empirical categories formulated. For this, the theoretical basis had names like Bruno Latour (2012) and Ernesto Laclau (2013), surrounded by Isabelle Stengers (2018), Márcio Goldman (2006), Antoine Hennion (2010) and François Jullien (1999), to support the election fabrication hypothesis.”. In methodological terms, the approach was guided by four categories to carry out the analysis of the selected editorials: the fabrication of the candidate, the fabrication of the voter, the fabrication of the election and the fabrication of becoming, a strategy used to think of the “actors” ( LATOUR, 2012) and the articulations of meaning that configured what is here called “fabrication of the 2018 presidential election”. It is expected, with the ethnographic work of analysis of the editorials, to contribute so that one can better understand the historical, social, legal and political fracture represented by the 2018 presidential election.